GENERAL PART
3. PUNISHMENTS
3.1. The aim of punishment, the types of punishments and conditions for pronouncing them
Imprisonment
Article 35
(1) Imprisonment may not be shorter than thirty days, or longer than 15 years. For the crimes for which the law prescribes a life imprisonment sentence, a sentence of imprisonment of up to 20 years may be applied.
(2) If a punishment of 15 years of imprisonment is prescribed for a premeditated crime, a punishment of life imprisonment may be prescribed for severe forms of this crime.
(3) The punishment of life imprisonment may not be prescribed as the only main punishment.
(4) The punishment of life imprisonment may not be pronounced for an offender who at the time the crime was committed has not attained the age of 21 years.
(5) Imprisonment is pronounced with full years and months, and up to six months, also with full days.
(6) When a punishment of imprisonment is prescribed for crimes without appointing a minimal measure, and when the maximum measure is not longer than three years, it is compulsory to also pronounce a fine besides the punishment of imprisonment.
(7) The imprisonment shall take place within facilities for imprisonment sentences, specified by law.
GENERAL PART
3. PUNISHMENTS
3.1. The aim of punishment, the types of punishments and conditions for pronouncing them
Fine
Article 38
(1) The fine shall be applied in the form of daily fines, where the number of the daily fines may not be less than five or more than 360 daily fines.
(2) The court shall specify the number of daily fines in accordance with the general rules for specifying the fine.
(3) the court shall determine the level of the daily fine having in mind the material and personal circumstances of the perpetrator, starting, as a rule, from the net daily actual or possible income of the perpetrator, as well as the family and other obligations of the perpetrator as well as the material situation of the perpetrator at the time of the passed judgment. The smallest amount of a daily fine may be the denar equivalent of one euro and the highest amount may be the denar equivalent of 5000 euros.
(4) The court decision shall contain the amount of the fine which may be obtained by multiplying the number of the daily fines with the specified amount of a single daily fine.
(5) For the purposes of determining the amount of the daily fine, the court may ask for reports from banks, financial and other institutions, state authorities and legal entities, which shall be obligated to submit the requested reports and can not invoke the principle of a trade or any other secret.
(6) In the case when the fine is applied as a secondary sentence in addition to an imprisonment sentence, the court shall determine the monetary amount, without applying the provisions stipulated in paragraphs 1 to 5. The monetary fine, if applied as a secondary fine, may not be less than the denar equivalent of 20 euros, nor more than the denar equivalent of 5000 euros.
Collection of a monetary fine
Article 38-a
(1) The judgment shall specify the deadline for payment of the fine, which may not be shorter than 15 days nor longer than three months. However, in certain justified cases the court may allow the defendant to pay the fine in installments, provided that the time period for the payment of the entire fine is not longer than two years. If the perpetrator is a foreign person the court shall specify the fine to be paid without any delay or its payment to be secured in another way.
(2) If the defendant fails to pay the fine within the specified time period, the court may specify a different time period or, if the court determines that the defendant does not want to pay the fine, to order a forced collection of the fine applying a procedure specified by law. If the provision of a new time period, which may not be longer than three months, or the forced collection prove unsuccessful, the court may act as follows : for each unpaid installment it may specify one day imprisonment or, when the fine has been applied as a secondary sentence, for every started denar equivalents of 20 euros, the court may specify one day imprisonment, provided that the total time of imprisonment may not be longer than six months.
(3) If the defendant pays only a part of the fine, the rest will proportionally be transformed into imprisonment time, and if the defendant pays the remainder of the fine, the imprisonment shall be terminated.
(4) After the death of the defendant the fine shall no longer be enforced.
GENERAL PART
7. CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY AND MATERIAL PROFITS AND CONFISCATION OF OBJECTS
1. Confiscation of property and material profits
Grounds for confiscation property gain
Article 97
(1) No one may retain the indirect and direct property gain gained through a crime.
(2) The benefit from item 1 shall be confiscated with the court decision with which the execution of the crime was determined, under the conditions foreseen by this Code.
(3) The decision to confiscate shall be passed by the court in a procedure specified by law also in the case when, due to factual or legal reasons, it is impossible to conduct the criminal procedure with respect to the perpetrator of the crime.
(4) In accordance with the conditions specified in a ratified international agreement, the confiscated property may be returned to another country.
Confiscation of indirect property gain
Article 97-а
Apart from direct property gain the perpetrator shall be subject to confiscation of the indirect property gain, consisting of the following :
1) the property into which the proceeds of crime have been transformed or converted,
2) the property acquired from legitimate sources if proceeds of crime have been intermingled, fully or partially, with that property, up to the estimated value of the intermingled proceeds of crime, and
3) the income or other benefits derived from the proceeds of crime, from property into which such proceeds of crime have been transformed or converted or from property with which such procees of crime have been intermingled, contains the proceeds from a crime, up to the estimated value of the intermingled proceeds of crime.
Manner of confiscating
Article 98
(1) The indirect and direct proceeds of crime that include money, movable or immovable valuable items, as well as any other property, real estate or assets, tangible or non-tangible rights shall be confiscated from the perpetrator, and if confiscation is not possible, other assets shall be confiscated from the perpetrator which correspond to the value of the proceeds.
(2) The indirect and direct proceeds shall be also confiscated from third parties for whom they have been obtained by committing the crime.
(3) The proceeds of crime referred to in paragraph 1 shall be also confiscated from family members of the perpetrator to whom the proceeds were transferred, if it is obvious that they did not provide compensation that corresponds to the value of the obtained proceeds or from third parties, if they fail to prove that they paid an amount corresponding to the value of the proceeds for the item or property.
(4) The objects which have been declared as cultural heritage and natural rarities, as well as those to which the damaged party is personally attached, shall be confiscated from third persons, regardless of whether these objects have been transferred to the third parties with an appropriate compensation.
(5) The goods that are confiscated are returned to the damaged person, and if there is no damaged person, they become the property of the state.
(6) If during the criminal proceeding, the damaged person is adjudged a property and legal claim, the court shall pronounce a taking away of property gain, if this exceeds the amount of the claim.
Extended confiscation
Article 98-а
(1) The property of a perpetrator of a crime committed as part of a criminal enterprise which is subject to imprisonment of at least 4 years, as well as for a crime related to terrorism as prescribed by Articles 313, 394 – а, 394-b, 394-c and 419, subject to 5 years of imprisonment or more severe punishment or if the crime is related to money laundering, for which an imprisonment of at least 4 years is prescribed, shall be confiscated, if it was acquired within a certain period of time before the court conviction, which the court establishes according to the circumstances of the case, but not longer than 5 years before committing the crime, when based on all circumstances the court is reasonably convinced that the property is surpasses the lawful income of the perpetrator and it originates from such an act.
(2) The property referred to in paragraph (1) of this article shall be also confiscated from third parties for whom it has been obtained by committing the crime.
(3) The property referred to in paragraph (1) shall be also confiscated from family members of the perpetrator to whom it was transferred, when it is obvious that they did not provide compensation that corresponds to its value or from third parties, if they fail to prove that they paid an amount corresponding to the value of the item or property.
GENERAL PART
7. CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY AND MATERIAL PROFITS AND CONFISCATION OF OBJECTS
2. Confiscation of objects
Conditions for confiscation of objects
Article 100-a
(1) Nobody may keep or claim for their own objects that been occurred through a criminal activity.
(2) Objects that were intended or have been used to commit a crime shall be confiscated from the perpetrator, regardless of whether they belong to the perpetrator or to a third party, if this is required by the interest of general safety, health of the people or moral reasons.
(3) The objects which have been used or were intended to be used to commit a crime may be confiscated if there is a threat that they may be used to commit another crime. Objects, which are the property of a third party, shall not be confiscated, except if the third party knew, could now and was obligated to know that these objects have been used or were intended to be used to commit a crime.
(4) The court shall pas a decision to confiscate the objects within the framework of a procedure specified by law also in the case when, due to factual or legal reasons, it is impossible to conduct the criminal procedure with respect to the perpetrator of the crime.
(5) The application of this measure does not interfere with the right of third parties to compensation of damages from the perpetrator of the crime.
(6) Under the conditions stipulated in the ratified international agreements, the objects may be returned to another country .
GENERAL PART
12. APPLICATION OF THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATURE ACCORDING TO THE PLACE OF PERPETRATION OF THE CRIME
Application of the provisions of this code on the criminal sanctions pronounced abroad
Article 121-a
When, based on an international agreement, the criminal sanction pronounced abroad, should be served in the Republic of Macedonia, the provisions stipulated in code regarding probationary discharge, rehabilitation, stature of limitations, amnesty and pardon shall be applied accordingly.
(a) La pena privativa de libertad se cumplirá en un Estado designado por la Corte sobre la base de una lista de Estados que hayan manifestado a la Corte que están dispuestos a recibir condenados;
(b) En el momento de declarar que está dispuesto a recibir condenados, el Estado podrá poner condiciones a reserva de que sean aceptadas por la Corte y estén en conformidad con la presente Parte;
(c) El Estado designado en un caso determinado indicará sin demora a la Corte si acepta la designación.
2
(a) El Estado de ejecución de la pena notificará a la Corte cualesquiera circunstancias, incluido el cumplimiento de las condiciones aceptadas con arreglo al párrafo 1, que pudieren afectar materialmente a las condiciones o la duración de la privación de libertad. Las circunstancias conocidas o previsibles deberán ponerse en conocimiento de la Corte con una antelación mínima de 45 días. Durante este período, el Estado de ejecución no adoptará medida alguna que redunde en perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el artículo 110;
(b) La Corte, si no puede aceptar las circunstancias a que se hace referencia en el apartado (a), lo notificará al Estado de ejecución y procederá de conformidad con el párrafo 1 del artículo 104.
3. La Corte, al ejercer su facultad discrecional de efectuar la designación prevista en el párrafo 1, tendrá en cuenta:
(a) El principio de que los Estados Partes deben compartir la responsabilidad por la ejecución de las penas privativas de libertad de conformidad con los principios de distribución equitativa que establezcan las Reglas de Procedimiento y Prueba;
(b) La aplicación de normas de tratados internacionales generalmente aceptadas sobre el tratamiento de los reclusos;
(c) La opinión del condenado;
(d) La nacionalidad del condenado; y
(e) Otros factores relativos a las circunstancias del crimen o del condenado, o a la ejecución eficaz de la pena, según procedan en la designación del Estado de ejecución.
4. De no designarse un Estado de conformidad con el párrafo 1, la pena privativa de libertad se cumplirá en el establecimiento penitenciario que designe el Estado anfitrión, de conformidad con las condiciones estipuladas en el acuerdo relativo a la sede a que se hace referencia en el párrafo 2 del artículo 3. En ese caso, los gastos que entrañe la ejecución de la pena privativa de libertad serán sufragados por la Corte.
1. La Corte podrá en todo momento decidir el traslado del condenado a una prisión de un Estado distinto del Estado de ejecución.
2. El condenado podrá en todo momento solicitar de la Corte su traslado del Estado de ejecución.
1. Con sujeción a las condiciones que haya establecido un Estado de conformidad con el párrafo 1 (b) del artículo 103, la pena privativa de libertad tendrá carácter obligatorio para los Estados Partes, los cuales no podrán modificarla en caso alguno.
2. La decisión relativa a cualquier solicitud de apelación o revisión incumbirá exclusivamente a la Corte. El Estado de ejecución no pondrá obstáculos para que el condenado presente una solicitud de esa índole.
1. La ejecución de una pena privativa de libertad estará sujeta a la supervisión de la Corte y se ajustará a las normas generalmente aceptadas de las convenciones internacionales sobre el tratamiento de los reclusos.
2. Las condiciones de reclusión se regirán por la legislación del Estado de ejecución y se ajustarán a las normas generalmente aceptadas de las convenciones internacionales sobre el tratamiento de los reclusos; en todo caso, no serán ni más ni menos favorables que las aplicadas a los reclusos condenados por delitos similares en el Estado de ejecución.
3. La comunicación entre el condenado y la Corte será irrestricta y confidencial.
1. Los Estados Partes harán efectivas las multas u órdenes de decomiso decretadas por la Corte en virtud de la Parte VII, sin perjuicio de los derechos de terceros de buena fe y de conformidad con el procedimiento establecido en su derecho interno.
2. El Estado Parte que no pueda hacer efectiva la orden de decomiso adoptará medidas para cobrar el valor del producto, los bienes o los haberes cuyo decomiso hubiere decretado la Corte, sin perjuicio de los derechos de terceros de buena fe.
3. Los bienes, o el producto de la venta de bienes inmuebles o, según proceda, la venta de otros bienes que el Estado Parte obtenga al ejecutar una decisión de la Corte serán transferidos a la Corte.