GENERAL PART
3. PUNISHMENTS
3.1. The aim of punishment, the types of punishments and conditions for pronouncing them
Imprisonment
Article 35
(1) Imprisonment may not be shorter than thirty days, or longer than 15 years. For the crimes for which the law prescribes a life imprisonment sentence, a sentence of imprisonment of up to 20 years may be applied.
(2) If a punishment of 15 years of imprisonment is prescribed for a premeditated crime, a punishment of life imprisonment may be prescribed for severe forms of this crime.
(3) The punishment of life imprisonment may not be prescribed as the only main punishment.
(4) The punishment of life imprisonment may not be pronounced for an offender who at the time the crime was committed has not attained the age of 21 years.
(5) Imprisonment is pronounced with full years and months, and up to six months, also with full days.
(6) When a punishment of imprisonment is prescribed for crimes without appointing a minimal measure, and when the maximum measure is not longer than three years, it is compulsory to also pronounce a fine besides the punishment of imprisonment.
(7) The imprisonment shall take place within facilities for imprisonment sentences, specified by law.
GENERAL PART
3. PUNISHMENTS
3.1. The aim of punishment, the types of punishments and conditions for pronouncing them
Fine
Article 38
(1) The fine shall be applied in the form of daily fines, where the number of the daily fines may not be less than five or more than 360 daily fines.
(2) The court shall specify the number of daily fines in accordance with the general rules for specifying the fine.
(3) the court shall determine the level of the daily fine having in mind the material and personal circumstances of the perpetrator, starting, as a rule, from the net daily actual or possible income of the perpetrator, as well as the family and other obligations of the perpetrator as well as the material situation of the perpetrator at the time of the passed judgment. The smallest amount of a daily fine may be the denar equivalent of one euro and the highest amount may be the denar equivalent of 5000 euros.
(4) The court decision shall contain the amount of the fine which may be obtained by multiplying the number of the daily fines with the specified amount of a single daily fine.
(5) For the purposes of determining the amount of the daily fine, the court may ask for reports from banks, financial and other institutions, state authorities and legal entities, which shall be obligated to submit the requested reports and can not invoke the principle of a trade or any other secret.
(6) In the case when the fine is applied as a secondary sentence in addition to an imprisonment sentence, the court shall determine the monetary amount, without applying the provisions stipulated in paragraphs 1 to 5. The monetary fine, if applied as a secondary fine, may not be less than the denar equivalent of 20 euros, nor more than the denar equivalent of 5000 euros.
Collection of a monetary fine
Article 38-a
(1) The judgment shall specify the deadline for payment of the fine, which may not be shorter than 15 days nor longer than three months. However, in certain justified cases the court may allow the defendant to pay the fine in installments, provided that the time period for the payment of the entire fine is not longer than two years. If the perpetrator is a foreign person the court shall specify the fine to be paid without any delay or its payment to be secured in another way.
(2) If the defendant fails to pay the fine within the specified time period, the court may specify a different time period or, if the court determines that the defendant does not want to pay the fine, to order a forced collection of the fine applying a procedure specified by law. If the provision of a new time period, which may not be longer than three months, or the forced collection prove unsuccessful, the court may act as follows : for each unpaid installment it may specify one day imprisonment or, when the fine has been applied as a secondary sentence, for every started denar equivalents of 20 euros, the court may specify one day imprisonment, provided that the total time of imprisonment may not be longer than six months.
(3) If the defendant pays only a part of the fine, the rest will proportionally be transformed into imprisonment time, and if the defendant pays the remainder of the fine, the imprisonment shall be terminated.
(4) After the death of the defendant the fine shall no longer be enforced.
GENERAL PART
7. CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY AND MATERIAL PROFITS AND CONFISCATION OF OBJECTS
1. Confiscation of property and material profits
Grounds for confiscation property gain
Article 97
(1) No one may retain the indirect and direct property gain gained through a crime.
(2) The benefit from item 1 shall be confiscated with the court decision with which the execution of the crime was determined, under the conditions foreseen by this Code.
(3) The decision to confiscate shall be passed by the court in a procedure specified by law also in the case when, due to factual or legal reasons, it is impossible to conduct the criminal procedure with respect to the perpetrator of the crime.
(4) In accordance with the conditions specified in a ratified international agreement, the confiscated property may be returned to another country.
Confiscation of indirect property gain
Article 97-а
Apart from direct property gain the perpetrator shall be subject to confiscation of the indirect property gain, consisting of the following :
1) the property into which the proceeds of crime have been transformed or converted,
2) the property acquired from legitimate sources if proceeds of crime have been intermingled, fully or partially, with that property, up to the estimated value of the intermingled proceeds of crime, and
3) the income or other benefits derived from the proceeds of crime, from property into which such proceeds of crime have been transformed or converted or from property with which such procees of crime have been intermingled, contains the proceeds from a crime, up to the estimated value of the intermingled proceeds of crime.
Manner of confiscating
Article 98
(1) The indirect and direct proceeds of crime that include money, movable or immovable valuable items, as well as any other property, real estate or assets, tangible or non-tangible rights shall be confiscated from the perpetrator, and if confiscation is not possible, other assets shall be confiscated from the perpetrator which correspond to the value of the proceeds.
(2) The indirect and direct proceeds shall be also confiscated from third parties for whom they have been obtained by committing the crime.
(3) The proceeds of crime referred to in paragraph 1 shall be also confiscated from family members of the perpetrator to whom the proceeds were transferred, if it is obvious that they did not provide compensation that corresponds to the value of the obtained proceeds or from third parties, if they fail to prove that they paid an amount corresponding to the value of the proceeds for the item or property.
(4) The objects which have been declared as cultural heritage and natural rarities, as well as those to which the damaged party is personally attached, shall be confiscated from third persons, regardless of whether these objects have been transferred to the third parties with an appropriate compensation.
(5) The goods that are confiscated are returned to the damaged person, and if there is no damaged person, they become the property of the state.
(6) If during the criminal proceeding, the damaged person is adjudged a property and legal claim, the court shall pronounce a taking away of property gain, if this exceeds the amount of the claim.
Extended confiscation
Article 98-а
(1) The property of a perpetrator of a crime committed as part of a criminal enterprise which is subject to imprisonment of at least 4 years, as well as for a crime related to terrorism as prescribed by Articles 313, 394 – а, 394-b, 394-c and 419, subject to 5 years of imprisonment or more severe punishment or if the crime is related to money laundering, for which an imprisonment of at least 4 years is prescribed, shall be confiscated, if it was acquired within a certain period of time before the court conviction, which the court establishes according to the circumstances of the case, but not longer than 5 years before committing the crime, when based on all circumstances the court is reasonably convinced that the property is surpasses the lawful income of the perpetrator and it originates from such an act.
(2) The property referred to in paragraph (1) of this article shall be also confiscated from third parties for whom it has been obtained by committing the crime.
(3) The property referred to in paragraph (1) shall be also confiscated from family members of the perpetrator to whom it was transferred, when it is obvious that they did not provide compensation that corresponds to its value or from third parties, if they fail to prove that they paid an amount corresponding to the value of the item or property.
GENERAL PART
7. CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY AND MATERIAL PROFITS AND CONFISCATION OF OBJECTS
2. Confiscation of objects
Conditions for confiscation of objects
Article 100-a
(1) Nobody may keep or claim for their own objects that been occurred through a criminal activity.
(2) Objects that were intended or have been used to commit a crime shall be confiscated from the perpetrator, regardless of whether they belong to the perpetrator or to a third party, if this is required by the interest of general safety, health of the people or moral reasons.
(3) The objects which have been used or were intended to be used to commit a crime may be confiscated if there is a threat that they may be used to commit another crime. Objects, which are the property of a third party, shall not be confiscated, except if the third party knew, could now and was obligated to know that these objects have been used or were intended to be used to commit a crime.
(4) The court shall pas a decision to confiscate the objects within the framework of a procedure specified by law also in the case when, due to factual or legal reasons, it is impossible to conduct the criminal procedure with respect to the perpetrator of the crime.
(5) The application of this measure does not interfere with the right of third parties to compensation of damages from the perpetrator of the crime.
(6) Under the conditions stipulated in the ratified international agreements, the objects may be returned to another country .
GENERAL PART
12. APPLICATION OF THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATURE ACCORDING TO THE PLACE OF PERPETRATION OF THE CRIME
Application of the provisions of this code on the criminal sanctions pronounced abroad
Article 121-a
When, based on an international agreement, the criminal sanction pronounced abroad, should be served in the Republic of Macedonia, the provisions stipulated in code regarding probationary discharge, rehabilitation, stature of limitations, amnesty and pardon shall be applied accordingly.
a) Les peines d'emprisonnement sont accomplies dans un État désigné par la Cour sur la liste des États qui lui ont fait savoir qu'ils étaient disposés à recevoir des condamnés.
b) Lorsqu'il déclare qu'il est disposé à recevoir des condamnés, un État peut assortir son acceptation de conditions qui doivent être agréées par la Cour et être conformes aux dispositions du présent chapitre.
c) L'État désigné dans une affaire donnée fait savoir promptement à la Cour s'il accepte ou non sa désignation.
2.
a) L'État chargé de l'exécution avise la Cour de toute circonstance, y compris la réalisation de toute condition convenue en application du paragraphe 1, qui serait de nature à modifier sensiblement les conditions ou la durée de la détention. La Cour est avisée au moins 45 jours à l'avance de toute circonstance de ce type connue ou prévisible. Pendant ce délai, l'État chargé de l'exécution ne prend aucune mesure qui pourrait être contraire à ses obligations en vertu de l'article 110 ;
b) Si la Cour ne peut accepter les circonstances visées à l'alinéa a), elle en avise l'État chargé de l'exécution et procède conformément à l'article 104, paragraphe 1.
3. Quand elle exerce son pouvoir de désignation conformément au paragraphe 1, la Cour prend en considération :
a) Le principe selon lequel les États Parties doivent partager la responsabilité de l'exécution des peines d'emprisonnement conformément aux principes de répartition équitable énoncés dans le Règlement de procédure et de preuve ;
b) Les règles conventionnelles du droit international généralement acceptées qui régissent le traitement des détenus ;
c) Les vues de la personne condamnée ;
d) La nationalité de la personne condamnée ;
e) Toute autre circonstance relative au crime, à la situation de la personne condamnée ou à l'exécution effective de la peine, susceptible de guider le choix de l'État chargé de l'exécution.
4. Si aucun État n'est désigné comme prévu au paragraphe 1, la peine d'emprisonnement est accomplie dans un établissement pénitentiaire fourni par l'État hôte, dans les conditions définies par l'accord de siège visé à l'article 3, paragraphe 2. Dans ce cas, les dépenses afférentes à l'exécution de la peine sont à la charge de la Cour.
1. La Cour peut décider à tout moment de transférer un condamné dans une prison d'un autre État.
2. La personne condamnée par la Cour peut à tout moment demander à celle-ci son transfert hors de l'État chargé de l'exécution.
1. Sous réserve des conditions qu'un État a éventuellement formulées comme le prévoit l'article 103, paragraphe 1, alinéa b), la peine d'emprisonnement est exécutoire pour les États Parties, qui ne peuvent en aucun cas la modifier.
2. La Cour a seule le droit de se prononcer sur une demande de révision de sa décision sur la culpabilité ou la peine. L'État chargé de l'exécution n'empêche pas le condamné de présenter une telle demande.
1. L'exécution d'une peine d'emprisonnement est soumise au contrôle de la Cour. Elle est conforme aux règles conventionnelles internationales largement acceptées en matière de traitement des détenus.
2. Les conditions de détention sont régies par la législation de l'État chargé de l'exécution. Elles sont conformes aux règles conventionnelles internationales largement acceptées en matière de traitement des détenus. Elles ne peuvent en aucun cas être ni plus ni moins favorables que celles que l'État chargé de l'exécution réserve aux détenus condamnés pour des infractions similaires.
3. Les communications entre le condamné et la Cour sont libres et confidentielles.
1. Les États Parties font exécuter les peines d'amende et les mesures de confiscation ordonnées par la Cour en vertu du chapitre VII, sans préjudice des droits des tiers de bonne foi et conformément à la procédure prévue par leur législation interne.
2. Lorsqu'un État Partie n'est pas en mesure de donner effet à l'ordonnance de confiscation, il prend des mesures pour récupérer la valeur du produit, des biens ou des avoirs dont la Cour a ordonné la confiscation, sans préjudice des droits des tiers de bonne foi.
3. Les biens, ou le produit de la vente de biens immobiliers ou, le cas échéant, d'autres biens, obtenus par un État Partie en exécution d'un arrêt de la Cour sont transférés à la Cour.