ARTÍCULO 158.- Derechos y obligaciones del testigo. Capacidad para atestiguar. Desde el inicio del proceso penal y hasta su finalización, al testigo se le garantizará el pleno respeto de los siguientes derechos:
a. A recibir un trato digno y respetuoso por parte de las autoridades competentes;
b. Al pago de los gastos de traslado al lugar donde la autoridad competente designe;
c. A la protección de la integridad física y moral, inclusive de su familia;
d. A ser informado sobre los resultados del acto procesal en el que ha participado;
e. Si se tratare de una persona mayor de SETENTA (70) años, mujer embarazada o enfermo grave, a cumplir con el acto procesal en el lugar de su residencia o internación; tal circunstancia deberá ser comunicada a la autoridad competente con la debida anticipación.
El testigo no tendrá la obligación de declarar sobre hechos que le puedan acarrear responsabilidad penal.
Los derechos reconocidos en este artículo deberán ser enunciados por el órgano competente al momento de practicar la primera citación del testigo.
Toda persona será capaz de atestiguar y, cuando no concurran las excepciones previstas en la ley, tendrá la obligación de comparecer si fuere citada para declarar la verdad de cuanto conociere y le fuera preguntado; no podrá ocultar hechos o circunstancias que guarden relación con la investigación.
ARTÍCULO 164.- Declaración de menores de edad, víctimas de trata de personas, graves violaciones a derechos humanos o personas con capacidad restringida. Si se tratare de víctimas o testigos menores de edad que a la fecha en que se requiera su comparecencia no hubiesen cumplido DIECISÉIS (16) años, personas con capacidad restringida, y testigos-víctimas de los delitos de trata y explotación de personas u otras graves violaciones a derechos humanos, si la naturaleza y circunstancias del caso así lo aconsejasen, se deberá adoptar el siguiente procedimiento:
a. Serán entrevistados por un psicólogo especialista de acuerdo a las condiciones de la víctima;
b. Si la víctima fuera menor de edad o persona con capacidad restringida, el acto se llevará a cabo de acuerdo a su edad y etapa evolutiva, o adecuado a su estado de vulnerabilidad si fuera víctima del delito de trata o explotación de personas u otra grave violación a los derechos humanos;
c. En el plazo que el representante del MINISTERIO PÚBLICO FISCAL disponga, el profesional actuante elevará un informe detallado con las conclusiones a las que arribe;
d. El desarrollo del acto podrá ser seguido por las partes desde el exterior del recinto a través de un vidrio espejado, micrófono, equipo de video o cualquier otro medio técnico con que se cuente; en ese caso con anterioridad a la iniciación del acto, el juez o el representante del MINISTERIO PÚBLICO FISCAL, según el caso, hará saber al profesional a cargo de la entrevista las inquietudes propuestas por las partes así como las que surjan durante el transcurso del acto, las que serán canalizadas teniendo en cuenta las características del hecho y el estado emocional de la víctima;
e. Si la víctima estuviera imposibilitada de comparecer por motivos de salud o por residir en un lugar distante a la sede del tribunal, o para garantizar la protección de su seguridad, se podrá realizar el acto a través de videoconferencias; f. Se podrá admitir la exhibición del registro audiovisual de declaraciones previas de la víctima en ese u otro proceso judicial. Si las partes requiriesen la comparecencia a los efectos de controlar la prueba, el juez les requerirá los motivos y el interés concreto, así como los puntos sobre los que pretendan examinar al testigo, y admitirá el interrogatorio sólo sobre aquéllos que hagan al efectivo cumplimiento del derecho de defensa;
g. La declaración se registrará en un video fílmico.
Si se tratase de actos de reconocimiento de lugares o cosas, el menor de edad o la persona con capacidad restringida víctima del delito será asistido por un profesional especialista. Si se tratare del delito de trata o explotación de personas, la víctima será acompañada por un profesional especialista; en ningún caso estará presente el imputado.
Si se tratase de víctimas que a la fecha en que se requiere su comparecencia ya hubiesen cumplido DIECISÉIS (16) años pero fuesen menores de DIECIOCHO (18) años de edad, antes de la recepción del testimonio, se requerirá informe a un especialista acerca de la existencia de riesgo para la salud psicofísica del menor de edad en el caso de que compareciese ante los estrados judiciales en presencia de las partes. Esta medida debe llevarse adelante evitando la revictimización del niño, niña o adolescente
1. The Court shall take appropriate measures to protect the safety, physical and psychological well-being, dignity and privacy of victims and witnesses. In so doing, the Court shall have regard to all relevant factors, including age, gender as defined in article 7, paragraph 3, and health, and the nature of the crime, in particular, but not limited to, where the crime involves sexual or gender violence or violence against children. The Prosecutor shall take such measures particularly during the investigation and prosecution of such crimes. These measures shall not be prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial.
2. As an exception to the principle of public hearings provided for in article 67, the Chambers of the Court may, to protect victims and witnesses or an accused, conduct any part of the proceedings in camera or allow the presentation of evidence by electronic or other special means. In particular, such measures shall be implemented in the case of a victim of sexual violence or a child who is a victim or a witness, unless otherwise ordered by the Court, having regard to all the circumstances, particularly the views of the victim or witness.
3. Where the personal interests of the victims are affected, the Court shall permit their views and concerns to be presented and considered at stages of the proceedings determined to be appropriate by the Court and in a manner which is not prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial. Such views and concerns may be presented by the legal representatives of the victims where the Court considers it appropriate, in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.
4. The Victims and Witnesses Unit may advise the Prosecutor and the Court on appropriate protective measures, security arrangements, counselling and assistance as referred to in article 43, paragraph 6.
5. Where the disclosure of evidence or information pursuant to this Statute may lead to the grave endangerment of the security of a witness or his or her family, the Prosecutor may, for the purposes of any proceedings conducted prior to the commencement of the trial, withhold such evidence or information and instead submit a summary thereof. Such measures shall be exercised in a manner which is not prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial.
6. A State may make an application for necessary measures to be taken in respect of the protection of its servants or agents and the protection of confidential or sensitive information.
1. States Parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Part and under procedures of national law, comply with requests by the Court to provide the following assistance in relation to investigations or prosecutions:
(a) The identification and whereabouts of persons or the location of items;
(b) The taking of evidence, including testimony under oath, and the production of evidence, including expert opinions and reports necessary to the Court;
(c) The questioning of any person being investigated or prosecuted;
(d) The service of documents, including judicial documents;
(e) Facilitating the voluntary appearance of persons as witnesses or experts before the Court;
(f) The temporary transfer of persons as provided in paragraph 7;
(g) The examination of places or sites, including the exhumation and examination of grave sites;
(h) The execution of searches and seizures;
(i) The provision of records and documents, including official records and documents;
(j) The protection of victims and witnesses and the preservation of evidence;
(k) The identification, tracing and freezing or seizure of proceeds, property and assets and instrumentalities of crimes for the purpose of eventual forfeiture, without prejudice to the rights of bona fide third parties; and
(l) Any other type of assistance which is not prohibited by the law of the requested State, with a view to facilitating the investigation and prosecution of crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court.
2. The Court shall have the authority to provide an assurance to a witness or an expert appearing before the Court that he or she will not be prosecuted, detained or subjected to any restriction of personal freedom by the Court in respect of any act or omission that preceded the departure of that person from the requested State.
3. Where execution of a particular measure of assistance detailed in a request presented under paragraph 1, is prohibited in the requested State on the basis of an existing fundamental legal principle of general application, the requested State shall promptly consult with the Court to try to resolve the matter. In the consultations, consideration should be given to whether the assistance can be rendered in another manner or subject to conditions. If after consultations the matter cannot be resolved, the Court shall modify the request as necessary.
4. In accordance with article 72, a State Party may deny a request for assistance, in whole or in part, only if the request concerns the production of any documents or disclosure of evidence which relates to its national security.
5. Before denying a request for assistance under paragraph 1 (l), the requested State shall consider whether the assistance can be provided subject to specified conditions, or whether the assistance can be provided at a later date or in an alternative manner, provided that if the Court or the Prosecutor accepts the assistance subject to conditions, the Court or the Prosecutor shall abide by them.
6. If a request for assistance is denied, the requested State Party shall promptly inform the Court or the Prosecutor of the reasons for such denial.
(a) The Court may request the temporary transfer of a person in custody for purposes of identification or for obtaining testimony or other assistance. The person may be transferred if the following conditions are fulfilled:
(i) The person freely gives his or her informed consent to the transfer; and
(ii) The requested State agrees to the transfer, subject to such conditions as that State and the Court may agree.
(b) The person being transferred shall remain in custody. When the purposes of the transfer have been fulfilled, the Court shall return the person without delay to the requested State.
(a) The Court shall ensure the confidentiality of documents and information, except as required for the investigation and proceedings described in the request.
(b) The requested State may, when necessary, transmit documents or information to the Prosecutor on a confidential basis. The Prosecutor may then use them solely for the purpose of generating new evidence.
(c) The requested State may, on its own motion or at the request of the Prosecutor, subsequently consent to the disclosure of such documents or information. They may then be used as evidence pursuant to the provisions of Parts 5 and 6 and in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.
(i) In the event that a State Party receives competing requests, other than for surrender or extradition, from the Court and from another State pursuant to an international obligation, the State Party shall endeavour, in consultation with the Court and the other State, to meet both requests, if necessary by postponing or attaching conditions to one or the other request.
(ii) Failing that, competing requests shall be resolved in accordance with the principles established in article 90.
(b) Where, however, the request from the Court concerns information, property or persons which are subject to the control of a third State or an international organization by virtue of an international agreement, the requested States shall so inform the Court and the Court shall direct its request to the third State or international organization.
(a) The Court may, upon request, cooperate with and provide assistance to a State Party conducting an investigation into or trial in respect of conduct which constitutes a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court or which constitutes a serious crime under the national law of the requesting State.
(b)
(i) The assistance provided under subparagraph (a) shall include, inter alia:
a. The transmission of statements, documents or other types of evidence obtained in the course of an investigation or a trial conducted by the Court; and
b. The questioning of any person detained by order of the Court;
(ii) In the case of assistance under subparagraph (b) (i) a:
a. If the documents or other types of evidence have been obtained with the assistance of a State, such transmission shall require the consent of that State;
b. If the statements, documents or other types of evidence have been provided by a witness or expert, such transmission shall be subject to the provisions of article 68.
(c) The Court may, under the conditions set out in this paragraph, grant a request for assistance under this paragraph from a State which is not a Party to this Statute.