ARTÍCULO 87. REPARACIÓN DEL DAÑO. La conducta punible origina obligación de reparar los daños materiales y morales causados con ocasión de aquella.
ARTÍCULO 194. DERECHO DE LAS VÍCTIMAS. El Estado garantizará el acceso de las víctimas a la Administración de Justicia, en los términos establecidos en este Código.
En desarrollo de lo anterior las víctimas tendrán derecho:
a) A recibir, durante el procedimiento, un trato humano y digno;
b) A la protección de su intimidad, a la garantía de su seguridad, y a la de sus familiares y testigos a favor;
c) A una pronta e integral reparación de los daños sufridos, a cargo del autor o partícipe del injusto;
d) A ser oídas y a que se les facilite el aporte de pruebas;
e) A recibir desde el primer contacto con las autoridades y en los términos establecidos en este Código, información pertinente para la protección de sus intereses y a conocer la verdad de los hechos que conforman las circunstancias del injusto del cual han sido víctimas;
f) A que se consideren sus intereses al adoptar una decisión discrecional sobre el ejercicio de la persecución del injusto;
g) A ser informadas sobre la decisión definitiva relativa a la persecución penal; a acudir, en lo pertinente, ante el Juez Penal Militar de Control de Garantías, y a interponer los recursos ante el Juez de Conocimiento, cuando a ello hubiere lugar;
h) A ser asistidas durante el juicio y el incidente de reparación integral, si el interés de la justicia lo exigiere, por un abogado que podrá ser designado de oficio;
i) A recibir asistencia integral para su recuperación en los términos que señala la ley;
j) A ser asistidas gratuitamente por un traductor o intérprete en el evento de no conocer el idioma oficial, o de no poder percibir el lenguaje por algunos de los órganos de los sentidos.
ARTÍCULO 294. VÍCTIMAS. Se entiende por víctimas, para efectos de este Código, las personas naturales o jurídicas y demás sujetos de derechos que individual o colectivamente hayan sufrido algún daño directo como consecuencia del injusto.
ARTÍCULO 295. ATENCIÓN Y PROTECCIÓN INMEDIATA A LAS VÍCTIMAS. El Fiscal o el Juez de Conocimiento adoptarán o coordinarán ante las entidades competentes las medidas necesarias para la atención de las víctimas, la garantía de su seguridad personal y familiar, y la protección frente a toda publicidad que implique un ataque indebido a su vida privada o dignidad.
Las medidas de atención y protección a las víctimas no podrán redundar en perjuicio de los derechos del acusado o de un juicio justo e imparcial, ni serán incompatibles con estos.
ARTÍCULO 296. MEDIDAS DE ATENCIÓN Y PROTECCIÓN A LAS VÍCTIMAS. Las víctimas, en garantía de su seguridad y el respeto a su intimidad, podrán solicitar por conducto del fiscal o directamente al Juez Penal Militar de Control de Garantías las medidas indispensables para su atención y protección, aún durante el juicio oral y el incidente de reparación.
ARTÍCULO 297. GARANTÍA DE COMUNICACIÓN A LAS VÍCTIMAS. Los derechos reconocidos, las facultades que puede ejercer por los perjuicios causados con el injusto, y de la disponibilidad que tiene de formular una pretensión indemnizatoria en el proceso o en el incidente de reparación integral, serán comunicados por el fiscal a la víctima desde el momento mismo en que esta intervenga.
ARTÍCULO 298. DERECHO A RECIBIR INFORMACIÓN. A quien demuestre sumariamente su calidad de víctima, la Fiscalía General Penal Militar le suministrará información sobre:
1. Organizaciones a las que puede dirigirse para obtener apoyo y de qué tipo puede ser este.
2. El lugar y el modo de presentar una denuncia o una querella y su papel en las actuaciones subsiguientes.
3. El modo y las condiciones en que puede pedir y obtener protección.
4. Las condiciones en que de modo gratuito puede acceder a asesoría o a asistencia jurídica, asistencia o a asesoría psicológica u otro tipo de asesoría.
5. Los requisitos para acceder a una indemnización.
6. Los mecanismos de defensa que puede utilizar.
7. El trámite dado a su denuncia o querella.
8. Los elementos pertinentes que le permitan, en caso de acusación o preclusión, seguir el desarrollo de la actuación.
9. La fecha y el lugar del juicio oral.
10. El derecho que le asiste a promover el incidente de reparación integral.
11. La fecha en que tendrá lugar la audiencia de dosificación de la pena y sentencia.
12. La sentencia del juez.
También adoptará las medidas necesarias para garantizar, en caso de existir un riesgo para las víctimas que participen en la actuación, que se les informe sobre la puesta en libertad de la persona inculpada.
ARTÍCULO 299. INTERVENCIÓN DE LAS VÍCTIMAS EN LA ACTUACIÓN PENAL. Las víctimas del injusto, en garantía de los derechos a la verdad, la justicia y la reparación, tienen el derecho de intervenir en todas las fases de la actuación penal, de acuerdo con las siguientes reglas:
1. Podrán solicitar a través del fiscal en cualquier momento de la actuación medidas de protección frente a probables hostigamientos, amenazas o atentados en su contra o de sus familiares.
2. El interrogatorio de las víctimas debe realizarse con respeto de su situación personal, derechos y dignidad.
3. Para el ejercicio de sus derechos no es obligatorio que las víctimas estén representadas por un abogado; sin embargo, a partir de la audiencia preparatoria y para intervenir tendrán que ser asistidas por un profesional del derecho o estudiante de consultorio jurídico de facultad de derecho debidamente aprobada.
4. En caso de existir pluralidad de víctimas, el fiscal, durante la investigación, solicitará que estas designen hasta dos abogados que las represente. De no llegarse a un acuerdo, el fiscal determinará lo más conveniente y efectivo.
5. Si la víctima no contare con medios suficientes para contratar un abogado a fin de intervenir, previa solicitud y comprobación sumaria de la necesidad, la Fiscalía Penal Militar le designará uno de oficio.
6. El juez podrá en forma excepcional, y con el fin de proteger a las víctimas, decretar que durante su intervención el juicio se celebre a puerta cerrada.
7. Las víctimas podrán formular ante el juez de conocimiento el incidente de reparación integral, una vez establecida la responsabilidad penal del imputado.
1. The Court shall take appropriate measures to protect the safety, physical and psychological well-being, dignity and privacy of victims and witnesses. In so doing, the Court shall have regard to all relevant factors, including age, gender as defined in article 7, paragraph 3, and health, and the nature of the crime, in particular, but not limited to, where the crime involves sexual or gender violence or violence against children. The Prosecutor shall take such measures particularly during the investigation and prosecution of such crimes. These measures shall not be prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial.
2. As an exception to the principle of public hearings provided for in article 67, the Chambers of the Court may, to protect victims and witnesses or an accused, conduct any part of the proceedings in camera or allow the presentation of evidence by electronic or other special means. In particular, such measures shall be implemented in the case of a victim of sexual violence or a child who is a victim or a witness, unless otherwise ordered by the Court, having regard to all the circumstances, particularly the views of the victim or witness.
3. Where the personal interests of the victims are affected, the Court shall permit their views and concerns to be presented and considered at stages of the proceedings determined to be appropriate by the Court and in a manner which is not prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial. Such views and concerns may be presented by the legal representatives of the victims where the Court considers it appropriate, in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.
4. The Victims and Witnesses Unit may advise the Prosecutor and the Court on appropriate protective measures, security arrangements, counselling and assistance as referred to in article 43, paragraph 6.
5. Where the disclosure of evidence or information pursuant to this Statute may lead to the grave endangerment of the security of a witness or his or her family, the Prosecutor may, for the purposes of any proceedings conducted prior to the commencement of the trial, withhold such evidence or information and instead submit a summary thereof. Such measures shall be exercised in a manner which is not prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused and a fair and impartial trial.
6. A State may make an application for necessary measures to be taken in respect of the protection of its servants or agents and the protection of confidential or sensitive information.
1. The Court shall establish principles relating to reparations to, or in respect of, victims, including restitution, compensation and rehabilitation. On this basis, in its decision the Court may, either upon request or on its own motion in exceptional circumstances, determine the scope and extent of any damage, loss and injury to, or in respect of, victims and will state the principles on which it is acting.
2. The Court may make an order directly against a convicted person specifying appropriate reparations to, or in respect of, victims, including restitution, compensation and rehabilitation. Where appropriate, the Court may order that the award for reparations be made through the Trust Fund provided for in article 79.
3. Before making an order under this article, the Court may invite and shall take account of representations from or on behalf of the convicted person, victims, other interested persons or interested States.
4. In exercising its power under this article, the Court may, after a person is convicted of a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court, determine whether, in order to give effect to an order which it may make under this article, it is necessary to seek measures under article 93, paragraph 1.
5. A State Party shall give effect to a decision under this article as if the provisions of article 109 were applicable to this article.
6. Nothing in this article shall be interpreted as prejudicing the rights of victims under national or international law.
4. A legal representative of the victims, the convicted person or a bona fide owner of property adversely affected by an order under article 75 may appeal against the order for reparations, as provided in the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.
1. States Parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Part and under procedures of national law, comply with requests by the Court to provide the following assistance in relation to investigations or prosecutions:
(a) The identification and whereabouts of persons or the location of items;
(b) The taking of evidence, including testimony under oath, and the production of evidence, including expert opinions and reports necessary to the Court;
(c) The questioning of any person being investigated or prosecuted;
(d) The service of documents, including judicial documents;
(e) Facilitating the voluntary appearance of persons as witnesses or experts before the Court;
(f) The temporary transfer of persons as provided in paragraph 7;
(g) The examination of places or sites, including the exhumation and examination of grave sites;
(h) The execution of searches and seizures;
(i) The provision of records and documents, including official records and documents;
(j) The protection of victims and witnesses and the preservation of evidence;
(k) The identification, tracing and freezing or seizure of proceeds, property and assets and instrumentalities of crimes for the purpose of eventual forfeiture, without prejudice to the rights of bona fide third parties; and
(l) Any other type of assistance which is not prohibited by the law of the requested State, with a view to facilitating the investigation and prosecution of crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court.
2. The Court shall have the authority to provide an assurance to a witness or an expert appearing before the Court that he or she will not be prosecuted, detained or subjected to any restriction of personal freedom by the Court in respect of any act or omission that preceded the departure of that person from the requested State.
3. Where execution of a particular measure of assistance detailed in a request presented under paragraph 1, is prohibited in the requested State on the basis of an existing fundamental legal principle of general application, the requested State shall promptly consult with the Court to try to resolve the matter. In the consultations, consideration should be given to whether the assistance can be rendered in another manner or subject to conditions. If after consultations the matter cannot be resolved, the Court shall modify the request as necessary.
4. In accordance with article 72, a State Party may deny a request for assistance, in whole or in part, only if the request concerns the production of any documents or disclosure of evidence which relates to its national security.
5. Before denying a request for assistance under paragraph 1 (l), the requested State shall consider whether the assistance can be provided subject to specified conditions, or whether the assistance can be provided at a later date or in an alternative manner, provided that if the Court or the Prosecutor accepts the assistance subject to conditions, the Court or the Prosecutor shall abide by them.
6. If a request for assistance is denied, the requested State Party shall promptly inform the Court or the Prosecutor of the reasons for such denial.
(a) The Court may request the temporary transfer of a person in custody for purposes of identification or for obtaining testimony or other assistance. The person may be transferred if the following conditions are fulfilled:
(i) The person freely gives his or her informed consent to the transfer; and
(ii) The requested State agrees to the transfer, subject to such conditions as that State and the Court may agree.
(b) The person being transferred shall remain in custody. When the purposes of the transfer have been fulfilled, the Court shall return the person without delay to the requested State.
(a) The Court shall ensure the confidentiality of documents and information, except as required for the investigation and proceedings described in the request.
(b) The requested State may, when necessary, transmit documents or information to the Prosecutor on a confidential basis. The Prosecutor may then use them solely for the purpose of generating new evidence.
(c) The requested State may, on its own motion or at the request of the Prosecutor, subsequently consent to the disclosure of such documents or information. They may then be used as evidence pursuant to the provisions of Parts 5 and 6 and in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.
(i) In the event that a State Party receives competing requests, other than for surrender or extradition, from the Court and from another State pursuant to an international obligation, the State Party shall endeavour, in consultation with the Court and the other State, to meet both requests, if necessary by postponing or attaching conditions to one or the other request.
(ii) Failing that, competing requests shall be resolved in accordance with the principles established in article 90.
(b) Where, however, the request from the Court concerns information, property or persons which are subject to the control of a third State or an international organization by virtue of an international agreement, the requested States shall so inform the Court and the Court shall direct its request to the third State or international organization.
(a) The Court may, upon request, cooperate with and provide assistance to a State Party conducting an investigation into or trial in respect of conduct which constitutes a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court or which constitutes a serious crime under the national law of the requesting State.
(b)
(i) The assistance provided under subparagraph (a) shall include, inter alia:
a. The transmission of statements, documents or other types of evidence obtained in the course of an investigation or a trial conducted by the Court; and
b. The questioning of any person detained by order of the Court;
(ii) In the case of assistance under subparagraph (b) (i) a:
a. If the documents or other types of evidence have been obtained with the assistance of a State, such transmission shall require the consent of that State;
b. If the statements, documents or other types of evidence have been provided by a witness or expert, such transmission shall be subject to the provisions of article 68.
(c) The Court may, under the conditions set out in this paragraph, grant a request for assistance under this paragraph from a State which is not a Party to this Statute.
1. Victims participating in the proceedings in accordance with rules 89 to 91 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence shall enjoy the following privileges, immunities and facilities to the extent necessary for their appearance before the Court, including the time spent on journeys in connection with their appearance before the Court, subject to the production of the document referred to in paragraph 2 of this article:
(a) Immunity from personal arrest or detention;
(b) Immunity from seizure of their personal baggage unless there are serious grounds for believing that the baggage contains articles the import or export of which is prohibited by law or controlled by the quarantine regulations of the State Party concerned;
(c) Immunity from legal process of every kind in respect of words spoken or written and all acts performed by them in the course of their appearance before the Court, which immunity shall continue to be accorded even after their appearance before the Court;
(d) Exemption from immigration restrictions or alien registration when they travel to and from the Court for purposes of their appearance.
2. Victims participating in the proceedings in accordance with rules 89 to 91 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence who enjoy the privileges, immunities and facilities referred to in paragraph 1 of this article shall be provided by the Court with a document certifying their participation in the proceedings of the Court and specifying a time period for that participation.