PART X – SENTENCES AND THEIR EXECUTION
SENTENCE OF DEATH
330. Accused to be informed of right to appeal
When an accused person is sentenced to death, the court shall inform him of the time within which, if he wishes to appeal, his appeal should be preferred.
PART X – APPEALS FROM COURTS MARTIAL
186. Appeal to High Court
(1) If a person has been convicted by a court-martial—
(a) the person convicted may appeal to the High Court and make subsequent appeals to any other superior court, against the conviction, the sentence, or both; or
(b) the Director of Public Prosecutions may appeal to the High Court and make subsequent appeals to any other superior court against the sentence.
(2) If a person has been acquitted of a charge by a court-martial, the Director of
Public Prosecutions may appeal to the High Court and make subsequent appeals
to any other superior court against the acquittal.
187. Notice of Appeal
(1) An appeal to the High Court shall not lie unless a notice of Appeal is lodged with the Registrar within twenty-one days after the acquittal, conviction or sentence, as the case may be.
(2) The notice of appeal shall be in the prescribed form.
(3) Except in the case of a conviction involving sentence of death, the High Court may extend the period within which a notice or Appeal shall be lodged, whether that period has expired or not.
(4) An appellant may present the appeal case in writing.
188. Determination of appeal in ordinary cases
(1) Subject to section 189, the High Court shall—
(a) allow an appeal against conviction and quash the conviction if it considers that the conviction—
(i) is unreasonable;
(ii) cannot be supported, having regard to the evidence;
(iii) involves a wrong decision on a question of law; or
(iv) there was a miscarriage of justice,
unless the court finds that no substantial miscarriage of justice has actually occurred; or
(b) dismiss the appeal.
(2) The court shall allow an appeal against acquittal and convict the accused if it considers that—
(a) the evidence was such that the person acquitted should have been convicted; or
(b) the acquittal involves a wrong decision on a question of law, and shall pass such sentence as it thinks proper, and otherwise it shall dismiss the appeal, and section 173 shall apply as it applies to a trial by a court-martial.
(3) On an appeal against sentence, the court may reduce or increase the sentence or alter the nature of the sentence, as it thinks proper.
189. Powers of court in special cases
(1) If the High Court determines that an appellant—
(a) was not properly convicted on a particular charge brought before the court-martial; and
(b) was properly convicted on some other charge so brought, then, if the sentence passed by the court-martial on the appellant was not one which could lawfully be passed for the offence of which the appellant was convicted on that other charge, the High Court shall pass on the appellant such sentence as it thinks proper, in substitution for the sentence passed by the court-martial.
(2) If an appellant has been convicted of an offence, and—
(a) the court-martial could lawfully have convicted the appellant of some other offence; and
(b) it appears to the High Court that the court-martial shall have been satisfied of facts which proved the appellant guilty of that other offence, the High Court may, instead of allowing or dismissing the appeal, substitute for the finding of the court-martial a finding of guilty of the other offence and pass on the appellant such sentence as it thinks proper (being a sentence which could lawfully have been passed for that other offence and not one of greater severity), in substitution for the sentence passed by the court-martial.
(3) If—
(a) an appellant has been convicted of an offence committed in circumstances involving the greater of two punishments, and it appears to the High Court that the court-martial ought to have found the appellant guilty of an offence as being committed in circumstances involving the less punishment; or
(b) an appellant has been convicted of an offence and it appears to the High Court that the court-martial ought to have convicted the appellant of the offence subject to exceptions or variations, the High Court, instead of allowing or dismissing the appeal, may substitute for the conviction a conviction of the offence as being committed in circumstances involving the less punishment or, as the case may be, a conviction of the offence subject to exceptions or variations, and pass on the appellant such sentence as it thinks proper (being a sentence which could lawfully have been passed, for the offence specified or involved in the substituted finding and not one of greater severity) in substitution for the sentence passed by the court-martial.
(4) If, on an appeal, the High Court considers that the appellant did the act or made the omission charged but was insane so as not to be responsible for the acts or omissions at the time when the act was done or the omission was made, it shall quash the conviction and substitute a special finding that the appellant was guilty of the act or omission charged but was insane, and section 179(2) shall apply accordingly.
(5) The term of any sentence of imprisonment passed by the High Court under this section shall, unless the High Court otherwise directs, run from the time from which it would have run if it had been passed in the proceedings appealed against, and a sentence passed by the High Court shall be deemed for the purposes of this Act to be a sentence passed by the court-martial.
190. Court may appoint expert
The High Court may appoint a person with special or expert knowledge to assist the Court in any such manner as it deems expedient in the discharge of justice, if the court considers that such knowledge is required for the proper determination of an appeal before it.
191. Proceedings to be heard in absence of appellant
(1) An appellant shall not be entitled to be present at the hearing of an appeal or at any proceedings preliminary or incidental to such an appeal, except where—
(a) rules of court provide that the appellant shall have the right to be present; or
(b) the High Court grants leave to be present.
(2) Any power of the High Court under this Part to make a determination or pass a sentence may be exercised despite the absence of the appellant.
192. Defence on appeal
If a person appeals against a conviction, sentence or both, the Director of Public Prosecutions shall make arrangements for the defence of the appeal.
193. Person sentenced to death to have opportunity to appeal
If a person is convicted by a court-martial and sentenced to death that person—
(a) shall not be executed until after the expiration of the period within which a notice of appeal may be lodged to the High Court against the conviction or sentence or both; and
(b) if such a notice is duly lodged, the sentence shall not be executed until either the notice is withdrawn or the appeal is determined or abandoned.
194. Removal of prisoner
An appellant who is in custody, shall be taken to, kept in custody at, and brought back from, any place at which the appellant is entitled to be present for the purposes of this Part in the prescribed manner, and the High Court may order the appellant to be taken to any prescribed place for the purpose of any proceedings of the High Court.
195. Composition of court
Upon the hearing of an appeal under this Part, the High Court shall consist of one or more Judges.
196. Furnishing of documents
In the case of an appeal, under this Part, it shall be the duty of the Defence Court Administrator to furnish the Registrar, in accordance with rules of court martial, with a record of the proceedings of the court-martial.
197. Duties of Registrar
(1) The Registrar shall take all necessary steps obtaining the determination of an appeal under this Part, and shall obtain and lay before the High Court in proper form all documents, exhibits and other things relating to the proceedings before the court-martial that appear necessary for the proper determination of appeal.
(2) The Registrar shall furnish the necessary forms and instructions relating to an appeal under this Part to any person who asks for them, to persons in charge of prisons and to such other persons as the registrar thinks fit, and every person in charge of a prison shall cause the forms and instructions so furnished to be placed at the disposal of persons imprisoned who desire to lodge an appeal under this Part.
PART X – APPEALS FROM COURTS MARTIAL
191. Proceedings to be heard in absence of appellant
(1) An appellant shall not be entitled to be present at the hearing of an appeal or at any proceedings preliminary or incidental to such an appeal, except where—
(a) rules of court provide that the appellant shall have the right to be present; or
(b) the High Court grants leave to be present.
FOURTH SCHEDULE
GENEVA CONVENTION RELATIVE TO THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN PERSONS IN TIME OF WAR DATED THE 12TH AUGUST, 1949
PART III – STATUS AND TREATMENT OF PROTECTED PERSONS
SECTION III – OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
Article 73
III. Right of appeal
A convicted person shall have the right of appeal provided for by the laws applied by the court. He shall be fully informed of his right to appeal or petition and of the time limit within which he may do so.
The penal procedure provided in the present Section shall apply, as far as it is applicable, to appeals. Where the laws applied by the Court make no provision for appeals, the convicted person shall have the right to petition against the finding and sentence to the competent authority of the Occupying Power.
6. Avant la confirmation des charges, les exceptions d'irrecevabilité ou d'incompétence sont renvoyées à la Chambre préliminaire. Après la confirmation des charges, elles sont renvoyées à la Chambre de première instance. Il peut être fait appel des décisions portant sur la compétence ou la recevabilité devant la Chambre d'appel conformément à l'article 82.
1. Il peut être fait appel, conformément au Règlement de procédure et de preuve, d'une décision rendue en vertu de l'article 74 selon les modalités suivantes :
a) Le Procureur peut interjeter appel pour l'un des motifs suivants :
i) Vice de procédure ;
ii) Erreur de fait ;
iii) Erreur de droit ;
b) La personne déclarée coupable, ou le Procureur au nom de cette personne, peut interjeter appel pour l'un des motifs suivants :
i) Vice de procédure ;
ii) Erreur de fait ;
iii) Erreur de droit ;
iv) Tout autre motif de nature à compromettre l'équité ou la régularité de la procédure ou de la décision.
2.
a) Le Procureur ou le condamné peut, conformément au Règlement de procédure et de preuve, interjeter appel de la peine prononcée au motif d'une disproportion entre celle-ci et le crime ;
b) Si, à l'occasion d'un appel contre la peine prononcée, la Cour estime qu'il existe des motifs qui pourraient justifier l'annulation de tout ou partie de la décision sur la culpabilité, elle peut inviter le Procureur et le condamné à invoquer les motifs énoncés à l'article 81, paragraphe 1, alinéas a) ou b), et se prononcer sur la décision sur la culpabilité conformément à l'article 83 ;
c) La même procédure s'applique si, à l'occasion d'un appel concernant uniquement la décision sur la culpabilité, la Cour estime qu'il existe des motifs justifiant une réduction de la peine en vertu du paragraphe 2, alinéa a).
3.
a) À moins que la Chambre de première instance n'en décide autrement, la personne reconnue coupable reste détenue pendant la procédure d'appel ;
b) Lorsque la durée de la détention dépasse la durée de la peine prononcée, la personne reconnue coupable est mise en liberté ; toutefois, si le Procureur fait également appel, la libération peut être subordonnée aux conditions énoncées à l'alinéa c) ci-après ;
c) En cas d'acquittement, l'accusé est immédiatement mis en liberté, sous réserve des conditions suivantes :
i) Dans des circonstances exceptionnelles, et en fonction, notamment, du risque d'évasion, de la gravité de l'infraction et des chances de voir l'appel aboutir, la Chambre de première instance peut, à la demande du Procureur, ordonner le maintien en détention de l'accusé pendant la procédure d'appel ;
ii) La décision rendue par la Chambre de première instance en vertu du sous-alinéa c i) est susceptible d'appel conformément au Règlement de procédure et de preuve.
4. Sous réserve des dispositions du paragraphe 3, alinéas a) et b), il est sursis à l'exécution de la décision sur la culpabilité ou la peine durant le délai consenti pour le recours en appel et durant la procédure d'appel.
1. L'une ou l'autre partie peut faire appel, conformément au Règlement de procédure et de preuve, de l'une des décisions ci-après :
a) Décision sur la compétence ou la recevabilité ;
b) Décision accordant ou refusant la mise en liberté de la personne faisant l'objet d'une enquête ou de poursuites ;
c) Décision de la Chambre préliminaire d'agir de sa propre initiative en vertu de l'article 56, paragraphe 3;
d) Décision soulevant une question de nature à affecter de manière appréciable le déroulement équitable et rapide de la procédure ou l'issue du procès, et dont le règlement immédiat par la Chambre d'appel pourrait, de l'avis de la Chambre préliminaire ou de la Chambre de première instance, faire sensiblement progresser la procédure.
2. La décision de la Chambre préliminaire visée à l'article 57, paragraphe 3, alinéa d), est susceptible d'appel de la part de l'État concerné ou du Procureur, avec l'autorisation de la Chambre préliminaire. Cet appel est examiné selon une procédure accélérée.
3. L'appel n'a d'effet suspensif que si la Chambre d'appel l'ordonne sur requête présentée conformément au Règlement de procédure et de preuve.
4. Le représentant légal des victimes, la personne condamnée ou le propriétaire de bonne foi d'un bien affecté par une ordonnance rendue en vertu de l'article 75 peut relever appel de cette ordonnance conformément au Règlement de procédure et de preuve.
1. Sous réserve des conditions qu'un État a éventuellement formulées comme le prévoit l'article 103, paragraphe 1, alinéa b), la peine d'emprisonnement est exécutoire pour les États Parties, qui ne peuvent en aucun cas la modifier.
2. La Cour a seule le droit de se prononcer sur une demande de révision de sa décision sur la culpabilité ou la peine. L'État chargé de l'exécution n'empêche pas le condamné de présenter une telle demande.