Rights during investigation - legal assistance

Australia

Australia - Criminal Code Act 1995 (2023) Vol 1

105.37 Contacting lawyer

(1) The person being detained is entitled to contact a lawyer but solely for the purpose of:

(a) obtaining advice from the lawyer about the person’s legal rights in relation to:

(i) the preventative detention order; or
(ii) the treatment of the person in connection with the person’s detention under the order; or

(b) arranging for the lawyer to act for the person in relation to, and instructing the lawyer in relation to, proceedings in a federal court for a remedy relating to:

(i) the preventative detention order; or
(ii) the treatment of the person in connection with the person’s detention under the order; or

(c) arranging for the lawyer to act for the person in relation to, and instructing the lawyer in relation to, a complaint to the Commonwealth Ombudsman under the Ombudsman Act 1976 in relation to:

(i) the application for, or the making of, the preventative detention order; or
(ii) the treatment of the person by an AFP member in connection with the person’s detention under the order; or

(ca) arranging for the lawyer to act for the person in relation to, and instructing the lawyer in relation to, the giving of information under section 40SA of the Australian Federal Police Act 1979 in relation to:

(i) the application for, or the making of, the preventative detention order; or
(ii) the treatment of the person by an AFP member in connection with the person’s detention under the order; or

(d) arranging for the lawyer to act for the person in relation to, and instructing the lawyer in relation to, a complaint to an officer or authority of a State or Territory about the treatment of the person by a member of the police force of that State or Territory in connection with the person’s detention under the order; or

(e) arranging for the lawyer to act for the person in relation to an appearance, or hearing, before a court that is to take place while the person is being detained under the order.

(2) The form of contact that the person being detained is entitled to have with a lawyer under subsection (1) includes:

(a) being visited by the lawyer; and
(b) communicating with the lawyer by telephone, fax or email.

(3) If:

(a) the person being detained asks to be allowed to contact a particular lawyer under subsection (1); and
(b) either:

(i) the person is not entitled to contact that lawyer because of section 105.40 (prohibited contact order); or
(ii) the person is not able to contact that lawyer;

the police officer who is detaining the person must give the person reasonable assistance to choose another lawyer for the person to contact under subsection (1).

(3A) If the police officer who is detaining a person under a preventative detention order has reasonable grounds to believe that:

(a) the person is unable, because of inadequate knowledge of the English language, or a disability, to communicate with reasonable fluency in that language; and
(b) the person may have difficulties in choosing or contacting a lawyer because of that inability;

the police officer must give the person reasonable assistance (including, if appropriate, by arranging for the assistance of an interpreter) to choose and contact a lawyer under subsection (1).

(4) In recommending lawyers to the person being detained as part of giving the person assistance under subsection (3) or (3A), the police officer who is detaining the person may give priority to lawyers who have been given a security clearance at an appropriate level by the Australian Government Security Vetting Agency or by another Commonwealth, State or Territory agency that is authorised or approved by the Commonwealth to issue security clearances.

(5) Despite subsection (4) but subject to section 105.40, the person being detained is entitled under this section to contact a lawyer who does not have a security clearance of the kind referred to in subsection (4).

Australia - International Criminal Court Act No. 41 2002 (2018) EN

Part 4—Other requests by ICC

Division 6—Questioning of person being investigated or prosecuted

71 Procedure where person questioned
(1)
(b) the right to have legal assistance of his or her choosing or, if he or she does not have legal assistance, to have legal assistance assigned to him or her in any case where the interests of justice so require and without payment by him or her in such a case if he or she does not have sufficient means to pay for the assistance;

Australia - War Crimes Amendment Act 1988

An Act to amend the War Crimes Act 1945

5. Sections 3 to 14, inclusive, of the Principal Act are repealed and the following section and Parts are substituted:

Legal assistance

"19. (1) A person who has been, or is about to be, charged with an offence
against this Act may apply to the Attorney-General for assistance under this
section.

"(2) If the Attorney-General is satisfied that in all the circumstances it
is appropriate and reasonable to grant an application made under this section,
he or she may authorise the provision by the Commonwealth to the applicant of
such legal or financial assistance in connection with a proceeding for the
offence as the Attorney-General determines.

"(3) An authorisation under subsection (2) may be made subject to such conditions (if any) as the Attorney-General determines.

"(4) In considering an application made under this section, the Attorney-General shall have regard to any hardship to the applicant that refusal of the application would involve.

"(5) As soon as practicable after deciding to refuse an application made under this section, the Attorney-General shall give the applicant a written notice that:

(a) sets out the decision and the reasons for it; and

(b) requests the applicant to consent in writing to a copy of the notice being laid before each House of the Parliament in accordance with subsection (6).

"(6) Where an applicant gives a consent in writing pursuant to a request under subsection (5), the Attorney-General shall cause a copy of the notice to which the consent relates to be laid before each House of the Parliament within 15 sitting days of that House after the Attorney-General receives the
consent.

Rome Statute

Article 55 Rights of persons during an investigation

2. Where there are grounds to believe that a person has committed a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court and that person is about to be questioned either by the Prosecutor, or by national authorities pursuant to a request made under Part 9, that person shall also have the following rights of which he or she shall be informed prior to being questioned:

(c) To have legal assistance of the person's choosing, or, if the person does not have legal assistance, to have legal assistance assigned to him or her, in any case where the interests of justice so require, and without payment by the person in any such case if the person does not have sufficient means to pay for it; and