Appeal against decision of acquittal or conviction or against sentence - national proceedings

Kenya

Kenya - Constitution 2010 EN

CHAPTER FOUR –– THE BILL OF RIGHTS

Part 2—Rights and fundamental freedoms

50. Fair hearing.

(2) Every accused person has the right to a fair trial, which includes the right—

(q) if convicted, to appeal to, or apply for review by, a higher court as prescribed by law.

CHAPTER FOUR –– THE BILL OF RIGHTS

Part 2—Rights and fundamental freedoms

50. Fair hearing.

(6) A person who is convicted of a criminal offence may petition the High Court for a new trial if––

(a) the person’s appeal, if any, has been dismissed by the highest court to which the person is entitled to appeal, or the person did not appeal within the time allowed for appeal ; and
(b) new and compelling evidence has become available.

Kenya - Criminal Procedure Code 1930 (2018) EN

PART XI – APPEALS

APPEALS FROM SUBORDINATE COURTS

Appeals

348. No appeal on plea of guilty, nor in petty cases
No appeal shall be allowed in the case of an accused person who has pleaded guilty and has been convicted on that plea by a subordinate court, except as to the extent or legality of the sentence.

348A. Right of appeal against acquittal, order of refusal or order of dismissal
(1) When an accused person has been acquitted on a trial held by a subordinate court or High Court, or where an order refusing to admit a complaint or formal charge, or an order dismissing a charge, has been made by a subordinate court or High Court, the Director of Public Prosecutions may appeal to the High Court or the Court of Appeal as the case may be, from the acquittal or order on a matter of fact and law.
(2) If the appeal under subsection (1) is successful, the High Court or Court of Appeal as the case may be, may substitute the acquittal with a conviction and may sentence the accused person appropriately.

349. Limitation of time of appeal
An appeal shall be entered within fourteen days of the date of the order or sentence appealed against:
Provided that the court to which the appeal is made may for good cause admit an appeal after the period of fourteen days has elapsed, and shall so admit an appeal if it is satisfied that the failure to enter the appeal within that period has been caused by the inability of the appellant or his advocate to obtain a copy of the judgment or order appealed against, and a copy of the record, within a reasonable time of applying to the court therefor.

350. Petition of appeal
(1) An appeal shall be made in the form of a petition in writing presented by the appellant or his advocate, and every petition shall (unless the High Court otherwise directs) be accompanied by a copy of the judgment or order appealed against.
(2) A petition of appeal shall be signed, if the appellant is not represented by an advocate, by the appellant, and, if the appellant is represented by an advocate, by the advocate, and shall contain particulars of the matters of law or fact in regard to which the subordinate court appealed from is alleged to have erred, and shall specify an address at which notices or documents connected with the appeal may be served on the appellant or, as the case may be, on his advocate; and the appellant shall not be permitted, at the hearing of the appeal, to rely on a ground of appeal other than those set out in the petition of appeal:
Provided that—
(i) subject to the provisions of paragraph (ii), where, within five days of the date of the judgment or order appealed against, the appellant or his advocate has applied to the subordinate court which passed the judgment or made the order for a copy of the record of the proceedings before that court, and where the appeal is entered within the period of limitation prescribed by section 349 but before receipt by the appellant or his advocate of the copy of the record, the petition of appeal may be amended on notice in writing to the Registrar of the High Court and to the Director of Public Prosecutions and without leave of the High Court, within seven days of the receipt by the appellant or his advocate of the copy of the record applied for;
(ii) the provisions of paragraph (i) shall not apply where the petition of appeal is signed by an advocate who represented the appellant in the proceedings before the subordinate court appealed from;
(iii) where a copy of the record of the proceedings before the subordinate court appealed from is applied for by the appellant or his advocate, the date of the receipt thereof by the appellant or his advocate shall be certified to the High Court by the subordinate court, and shall for the purposes of this subsection be deemed to be—
(a) if the copy of the record is delivered otherwise than by post, the date of delivery; and
(b) if the copy of the record is delivered by post, the date on which it is shown, on an advice of the delivery of a registered postal article issued under regulation 37(3) of the East African Postal Regulations, or any provision of law amending or replacing that regulation, to have been delivered, and no such copy of a record shall be delivered by post otherwise than by registered post;
(iv) save as provided in paragraph (i), a petition of appeal may only be amended with the leave of the High Court and on such terms and conditions, whether as to costs or otherwise, as the High Court may see fit to impose;
(v) notice in writing of an application for leave to amend a petition of appeal shall be given to the Registrar of the High Court and to the Attorney-General not less than three clear days, or such shorter period as the High Court may in any particular case allow, before the application is made; and an application for leave to amend a petition of appeal shall be made either at the hearing of the appeal or, if made previously, by way of motion in open court.

351. Appellant in prison
If the appellant is in prison, he may present his petition of appeal and the copies accompanying it to the officer in charge of the prison, who shall thereupon forward the petition and copies to the Registrar of the High Court.

352. Summary rejection of appeal
(1) When the High Court has received the petition and copy under section 350, a judge shall peruse them, and, if he considers that there is no sufficient ground for interfering, may, notwithstanding the provisions of section 359, reject the appeal summarily:
Provided that no appeal shall be rejected summarily unless the appellant or his advocate has had the opportunity of being heard in support of the appeal, except—
(i) in a case falling within subsection (2) of this section;
(ii) repealed by Act No. 5 of 2003, s. 94.
(2) Where an appeal is brought on the ground that the conviction is against the weight of the evidence, or that the sentence is excessive, and it appears to a judge that the evidence is sufficient to support the conviction and that there is no material in the circumstances of the case which could raise a reasonable doubt whether the conviction was right or lead him to the opinion that the sentence ought to be reduced, the appeal may, without being set down for hearing, be summarily rejected by an order of the judge certifying that he has perused the record and is satisfied that the appeal has been lodged without any sufficient ground for complaint.
(3) Whenever an appeal is summarily rejected notice of rejection shall forthwith be given to the Director of Public Prosecutions and to the appellant or his advocate.

352A. Summary allowance of appeal
Where an appeal against conviction has been lodged and a judge of the High Court is satisfied that the conviction cannot be supported, and the Director of Public Prosecutions has informed the court in writing that he does not support the conviction, the judge may summarily allow the appeal.

353. Notice of time and place of hearing
If the High Court does not dismiss the appeal summarily, it shall cause notice to be given to the appellant or his advocate, and to the respondent or his advocate, of the time and place at which the appeal will be heard, and shall furnish the respondent or his advocate with a copy of the proceedings and of the grounds of appeal.

354. Powers of High Court
(1) At the hearing of the appeal the appellant or his advocate may address the court in support of the particulars set out in the petition of appeal and the respondent or his advocate may then address the court.
(2) The court may invite the appellant or his advocate to reply upon any matters of law or fact raised by the respondent or his advocate in his address.
(3) The court may then, if it considers that there is no sufficient ground for interfering, dismiss the appeal or may—
(a) in an appeal from a conviction—
(i) reverse the finding and sentence, and acquit or discharge the accused, or order him to be tried by a court of competent jurisdiction; or
(ii) alter the finding, maintaining the sentence, or, with or without altering the finding, reduce or increase the sentence; or
(iii) with or without a reduction or increase and with or without altering the finding, alter the nature of the sentence;
(b) in an appeal against sentence, increase or reduce the sentence or alter the nature of the sentence;
(bb) in an appeal from an acquittal, an appeal from an order refusing to admit a complaint or formal charge or an appeal from an order dismissing a charge, hear and determine the matter of law and thereupon reverse, affirm or vary the determination of the subordinate court, or remit the matter with the opinion of the High court thereon to the subordinate court for determination, whether by way of rehearing or otherwise, with such directions as the High Court may think necessary, and make such other order in relation to the matter, including an order as to costs, as High Court may think fit;
(c) in an appeal from an acquittal, an appeal from an order refusing to admit a complaint or formal charge or an appeal from an order dismissing a charge, hear and determine the matter of law and thereupon reverse, affirm or vary the determination of the subordinate court, or remit the matter with the opinion of the High Court thereon to the subordinate court for determination, whether by way of rehearing or otherwise, with such directions as the High Court may think necessary, and make such other order in relation to the matter, including an order as to costs, as the High Court may think fit;
(d) in an appeal from any other order, alter or reverse the order, and in any case may make any amendment or any consequential or incidental order that may appear just and proper.
(4) Subject to subsection (5), an appellant, notwithstanding that he is in custody, shall be entitled to be present, if he desires it, at the hearing of the appeal:
Provided that where the appeal is on some ground involving a question of law alone, he shall not be entitled to be present except with the leave of the High Court.
(5) The right of an appellant who is in custody to be present at the hearing of the appeal shall be subject to his paying all expenses incidental to his transfer to and from the place where the court sits for the determination of the appeal:
Provided that the court may direct that the appellant be brought before the court in a case where in the opinion of the court his presence is advisable for the due determination of the appeal, in which case the expenses shall be defrayed out of moneys provided by Parliament.
(6) Nothing in subsection (1) shall empower the High Court to impose a greater sentence than might have been imposed by the court which tried the case.
(7) Deleted by Act No. 10 of 1969, Sch.

355. Order of the High Court to be certified to lower court
(1) When a case is decided on appeal by the High Court, it shall certify its judgment or order to the court by which the conviction, sentence or order appealed against was recorded or passed.
(2) The court to which the High Court certifies its judgment or order shall thereupon make such orders as are conformable to the judgment or order of the High Court, and, if necessary, the records shall be amended in accordance therewith.

356. Bail and stay of execution pending the entering of an appeal
(1) The High Court, or the subordinate court which has convicted or sentenced a person, may grant bail or may stay execution on a sentence or order pending the entering of an appeal, on such terms as to security for the payment of money or the performance or non-performance of any act or the suffering of any punishment ordered by or in the sentence or order as may seem reasonable to the High Court or the subordinate court.
(2) If the person in whose favour bail or a stay of execution is granted under this section is ultimately liable to a sentence of imprisonment, the time during which the person has been released on bail, or during which the execution was stayed, shall be excluded in computing the term of his sentence, unless the High Court, or failing that court the subordinate court which convicted and sentenced the person, otherwise orders.

357. Admission to bail or suspension of sentence pending appeal
(1) After the entering of an appeal by a person entitled to appeal, the High Court, or the subordinate court which convicted or sentenced that person, may order that he be released on bail with or without sureties, or, if that person is not released on bail, shall at his request order that the execution of the sentence or order appealed against shall be suspended pending the hearing of his appeal:
Provided that, where an application for bail is made to the subordinate court and is refused by that court, no further application for bail shall lie to the High Court, but a person so refused bail by a subordinate court may appeal against refusal to the High Court and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in sections 352 and 359, the appeal shall not be summarily rejected and shall be heard, in accordance with such procedure as may be prescribed, before one judge of the High Court sitting in chambers.
(2) If the appeal is ultimately dismissed and the original sentence confirmed, or some other sentence of imprisonment substituted therefore, the time during which the appellant has been released on bail or during which the sentence has been suspended shall be excluded in computing the term of imprisonment to which he is finally sentenced.
(3) The Chief Justice may make rules of court to regulate the procedure in cases under this section.

358. Power to take further evidence
(1) In dealing with an appeal from a subordinate court, the High Court, if it
thinks additional evidence is necessary, shall record its reasons, and may either take such evidence itself or direct it to be taken by a subordinate court.
(2) When the additional evidence is taken by a subordinate court, that court shall certify the evidence to the High Court, which shall thereupon proceed to dispose of the appeal.
(3) Unless the High Court otherwise directs, the accused or his advocate shall be present when the additional evidence is taken.
(4) Evidence taken in pursuance of this section shall be taken as if it were evidence taken at a trial before a subordinate court.

359. Number of judges on an appeal
(1) Appeals from subordinate courts shall be heard by one judge of the High Court, except when in any particular case the Chief Justice, or a judge to whom the Chief Justice has given authority in writing, directs that the appeal be heard by one judge of the High Court.
(2) If on the hearing of an appeal the court is equally divided in opinion the appeal shall be reheard before three judges.

360. Abatement of appeals
Every appeal from a subordinate court (except an appeal from a sentence of a fine) shall finally abate on the death of the appellant.

361. Second appeals
(1) A party to an appeal from a subordinate court may, subject to subsection (8), appeal against a decision of the High Court in its appellate jurisdiction on a matter of law, and the Court of Appeal shall not hear an appeal under this section—
(a) on a matter of fact, and severity of sentence is a matter of fact; or
(b) against sentence, except where a sentence has been enhanced by the High Court, unless the subordinate court had no power under section 7 to pass that sentence.
(2) On any such appeal, the Court of Appeal may, if it thinks that the judgment of the subordinate court or of the first appellate court should be set aside or varied on the ground of a wrong decision on a question of law, make any order which the subordinate court or the first appellate court could have made, or may remit the case, together with its judgment or order thereon, to the first appellate court or to the subordinate court for determination, whether or not by way of rehearing, with such directions as the Court of Appeal may think necessary.
(3) If it appears to the Court of Appeal that a party to an appeal, though not properly convicted on some count, has been properly convicted on some other count, the court may, in respect of the count on which it considers that the appellant has been properly convicted, either affirm the sentence passed by the subordinate court or by the first appellate court or pass such other sentence (whether more or less severe) in substitution therefor as it thinks proper.
(4) Where a party to an appeal has been convicted of an offence and the subordinate court or the first appellate court could lawfully have found him guilty of some other offence, and on the finding of the subordinate court or of the first appellate court it appears to the Court of Appeal that the court must have been satisfied of facts which proved him guilty of that other offence, the Court of Appeal may, instead of allowing or dismissing the appeal, substitute for the conviction entered by the subordinate court or by the first appellate court a conviction of guilty of that other offence, and pass such sentence in substitution for the sentence passed by the subordinate court or by the first appellate court as may be warranted in law for that other offence.
(5) On any appeal brought under this section, the Court of Appeal may, notwithstanding that it may be of the opinion that the point raised in the appeal might be decided in favour of the appellant, dismiss the appeal if it considers that no substantial miscarriage of justice has in fact occurred.
(6) Where an appeal under this section is pending, a judge of the High Court may grant bail to a convicted person who is a party to the appeal.
(7) For the purposes of this section, an order made by the High Court in the exercise of its revisionary jurisdiction or a decision of the High Court on a case stated shall be deemed to be a decision of the High Court in its appellate jurisdiction.
(8) This section shall not apply to—
(a) a decision of the High Court in its appellate Jurisdiction exercised under section 347(1)(b); or
(b) a refusal by the High Court to admit an appeal out of time under section 349, and any such decision or refusal shall be final.

Revision

362. Power of High Court to call for records
The High Court may call for and examine the record of any criminal proceedings before any subordinate court for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the correctness, legality or propriety of any finding, sentence or order recorded or passed, and as to the regularity of any proceedings of any such subordinate court.

363. Subordinate court may call for records of inferior court
(1) A subordinate court of the first class may call for and examine the record of any criminal proceedings of a subordinate court of a lower class than it and established within its local limits of jurisdiction, for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the legality, correctness or propriety of any finding, sentence or order recorded or passed, and as to the regularity of the proceedings.
(2) If a subordinate court acting under subsection (1) considers that a finding, sentence or order of the court of lower class is illegal or improper, or that the proceedings were irregular, it shall forward the record with its remarks thereon to the High Court.

364. Powers of High Court on revision
(1) In the case of a proceeding in a subordinate court the record of which has been called for or which has been reported for orders, or which otherwise comes to its knowledge, the High Court may—
(a) in the case of a conviction, exercise any of the powers conferred on it as a court of appeal by sections 354, 357 and 358, and may enhance the sentence;
(b) in the case of any other order other than an order of acquittal, alter or reverse the order.
(c) in proceedings under section 203 or 296(2) of the Panel Code, the Prevention of Terrorism Act, the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (Control) Act, the Prevention of Organized Crimes Act, the Proceeds of Crime and Anti-Money Laundering Act, the Sexual Offences Act and the Counter-Trafficking in Persons Act, where the subordinate court has granted bail to an accused person, and the Director of Public Prosecution has indicated his intention to apply for review of the order of the court, the order of the subordinate court may be stayed for a period not exceeding fourteen days pending the filing of the application for review.
(2) No order under this section shall be made to the prejudice of an accused person unless he has had an opportunity of being heard either personally or by an advocate in his own defence:
Provided that this subsection shall not apply to an order made where a subordinate court has failed to pass a sentence which it was required to pass under the written law creating the offence concerned.
(3) Where the sentence dealt with under this section has been passed by a subordinate court, the High Court shall not inflict a greater punishment for the offence which in the opinion of the High Court the accused has committed than might have been inflicted by the court which imposed the sentence.
(4) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to authorize the High Court to convert a finding of acquittal into one of conviction.
(5) When an appeal lies from a finding, sentence or order, and no appeal is brought, no proceeding by way of revision shall be entertained at the insistence of the party who could have appealed.

365. Discretion of court as to hearing parties
No party has a right to be heard either personally or by an advocate before the High Court when exercising its powers of revision:
Provided that the court may, when exercising those powers, hear any party either personally or by an advocate, and nothing in this section shall affect section 364(2).

366. Number of judges in revision
All proceedings before the High Court in the exercise of its revisional jurisdiction may be heard and any judgment or order thereon may be made or passed by one judge:
Provided that when the court is composed of more than one judge and the court is equally divided in opinion, the sentence or order of the subordinate court shall be upheld.

367. High Court order to be certified to lower court
When a case is revised by the High Court it shall certify its decision or order to the court by which the sentence or order so revised was recorded or passed, and the court to which the decision or order is so certified shall thereupon make such orders as are conformable to the decision so certified, and, if necessary, the record shall be amended in accordance therewith.
368. Repealed by Act No. 13 of 1967, s. 5.
369. Repealed by Act No. 13 of 1967, s. 5.
370. Repealed by Act No. 13 of 1967, s. 5.
371. Repealed by Act No. 13 of 1967, s. 5.
372. Repealed by Act No. 13 of 1967, s. 5.
373. Repealed by Act No. 13 of 1967, s. 5.
374. Repealed by Act No. 13 of 1967, s. 5.
375. Repealed by Act No. 13 of 1967, s. 5.
376. Repealed by Act No. 13 of 1967, s. 5.
377. Repealed by Act No. 13 of 1967, s. 5.
378. Repealed by Act No. 13 of 1967, s. 5.

APPEALS FROM THE HIGH COURT

379. Appeals from High Court to Court of Appeal
(1) A person convicted on a trial held by the High Court and sentenced to death, or to imprisonment for a term exceeding twelve months, or to a fine exceeding two thousand shillings, may appeal to the Court of Appeal—
(a) against the conviction, on grounds of law or of fact, or of mixed law and fact;
(b) with the leave of the Court of Appeal, against the sentence, unless the sentence is one fixed by law.

Kenya - Defence Forces Act 2012 (2018) EN

PART X – APPEALS FROM COURTS MARTIAL

186. Appeal to High Court
(1) If a person has been convicted by a court-martial—
(a) the person convicted may appeal to the High Court and make subsequent appeals to any other superior court, against the conviction, the sentence, or both; or
(b) the Director of Public Prosecutions may appeal to the High Court and make subsequent appeals to any other superior court against the sentence.

(2) If a person has been acquitted of a charge by a court-martial, the Director of
Public Prosecutions may appeal to the High Court and make subsequent appeals
to any other superior court against the acquittal.

187. Notice of Appeal
(1) An appeal to the High Court shall not lie unless a notice of Appeal is lodged with the Registrar within twenty-one days after the acquittal, conviction or sentence, as the case may be.

(2) The notice of appeal shall be in the prescribed form.

(3) Except in the case of a conviction involving sentence of death, the High Court may extend the period within which a notice or Appeal shall be lodged, whether that period has expired or not.

(4) An appellant may present the appeal case in writing.

188. Determination of appeal in ordinary cases
(1) Subject to section 189, the High Court shall—
(a) allow an appeal against conviction and quash the conviction if it considers that the conviction—
(i) is unreasonable;
(ii) cannot be supported, having regard to the evidence;
(iii) involves a wrong decision on a question of law; or
(iv) there was a miscarriage of justice,
unless the court finds that no substantial miscarriage of justice has actually occurred; or
(b) dismiss the appeal.

(2) The court shall allow an appeal against acquittal and convict the accused if it considers that—
(a) the evidence was such that the person acquitted should have been convicted; or
(b) the acquittal involves a wrong decision on a question of law, and shall pass such sentence as it thinks proper, and otherwise it shall dismiss the appeal, and section 173 shall apply as it applies to a trial by a court-martial.

(3) On an appeal against sentence, the court may reduce or increase the sentence or alter the nature of the sentence, as it thinks proper.

189. Powers of court in special cases
(1) If the High Court determines that an appellant—
(a) was not properly convicted on a particular charge brought before the court-martial; and
(b) was properly convicted on some other charge so brought, then, if the sentence passed by the court-martial on the appellant was not one which could lawfully be passed for the offence of which the appellant was convicted on that other charge, the High Court shall pass on the appellant such sentence as it thinks proper, in substitution for the sentence passed by the court-martial.

(2) If an appellant has been convicted of an offence, and—
(a) the court-martial could lawfully have convicted the appellant of some other offence; and
(b) it appears to the High Court that the court-martial shall have been satisfied of facts which proved the appellant guilty of that other offence, the High Court may, instead of allowing or dismissing the appeal, substitute for the finding of the court-martial a finding of guilty of the other offence and pass on the appellant such sentence as it thinks proper (being a sentence which could lawfully have been passed for that other offence and not one of greater severity), in substitution for the sentence passed by the court-martial.

(3) If—
(a) an appellant has been convicted of an offence committed in circumstances involving the greater of two punishments, and it appears to the High Court that the court-martial ought to have found the appellant guilty of an offence as being committed in circumstances involving the less punishment; or
(b) an appellant has been convicted of an offence and it appears to the High Court that the court-martial ought to have convicted the appellant of the offence subject to exceptions or variations, the High Court, instead of allowing or dismissing the appeal, may substitute for the conviction a conviction of the offence as being committed in circumstances involving the less punishment or, as the case may be, a conviction of the offence subject to exceptions or variations, and pass on the appellant such sentence as it thinks proper (being a sentence which could lawfully have been passed, for the offence specified or involved in the substituted finding and not one of greater severity) in substitution for the sentence passed by the court-martial.

(4) If, on an appeal, the High Court considers that the appellant did the act or made the omission charged but was insane so as not to be responsible for the acts or omissions at the time when the act was done or the omission was made, it shall quash the conviction and substitute a special finding that the appellant was guilty of the act or omission charged but was insane, and section 179(2) shall apply accordingly.

(5) The term of any sentence of imprisonment passed by the High Court under this section shall, unless the High Court otherwise directs, run from the time from which it would have run if it had been passed in the proceedings appealed against, and a sentence passed by the High Court shall be deemed for the purposes of this Act to be a sentence passed by the court-martial.

190. Court may appoint expert
The High Court may appoint a person with special or expert knowledge to assist the Court in any such manner as it deems expedient in the discharge of justice, if the court considers that such knowledge is required for the proper determination of an appeal before it.

191. Proceedings to be heard in absence of appellant
(1) An appellant shall not be entitled to be present at the hearing of an appeal or at any proceedings preliminary or incidental to such an appeal, except where—
(a) rules of court provide that the appellant shall have the right to be present; or
(b) the High Court grants leave to be present.

(2) Any power of the High Court under this Part to make a determination or pass a sentence may be exercised despite the absence of the appellant.

192. Defence on appeal
If a person appeals against a conviction, sentence or both, the Director of Public Prosecutions shall make arrangements for the defence of the appeal.

193. Person sentenced to death to have opportunity to appeal
If a person is convicted by a court-martial and sentenced to death that person—
(a) shall not be executed until after the expiration of the period within which a notice of appeal may be lodged to the High Court against the conviction or sentence or both; and
(b) if such a notice is duly lodged, the sentence shall not be executed until either the notice is withdrawn or the appeal is determined or abandoned.

194. Removal of prisoner
An appellant who is in custody, shall be taken to, kept in custody at, and brought back from, any place at which the appellant is entitled to be present for the purposes of this Part in the prescribed manner, and the High Court may order the appellant to be taken to any prescribed place for the purpose of any proceedings of the High Court.

195. Composition of court
Upon the hearing of an appeal under this Part, the High Court shall consist of one or more Judges.

196. Furnishing of documents
In the case of an appeal, under this Part, it shall be the duty of the Defence Court Administrator to furnish the Registrar, in accordance with rules of court martial, with a record of the proceedings of the court-martial.

197. Duties of Registrar
(1) The Registrar shall take all necessary steps obtaining the determination of an appeal under this Part, and shall obtain and lay before the High Court in proper form all documents, exhibits and other things relating to the proceedings before the court-martial that appear necessary for the proper determination of appeal.

(2) The Registrar shall furnish the necessary forms and instructions relating to an appeal under this Part to any person who asks for them, to persons in charge of prisons and to such other persons as the registrar thinks fit, and every person in charge of a prison shall cause the forms and instructions so furnished to be placed at the disposal of persons imprisoned who desire to lodge an appeal under this Part.

Kenya - Geneva Conventions Act 1968 (2012) EN

6. Appeals

Where a protected prisoner of war or a protected internee has been sentenced to death or to imprisonment for a term of two years or more, the time within which he may give notice of appeal or notice of his application for leave to appeal to the High Court or the Court of Appeal, as the case may be, shall notwithstanding any written law, be the period from the date of his conviction or, in the case of an appeal against sentence, of his sentence, to the expiration of ten days after the date on which he receives a notice given—
(a) in the case of a protected prisoner of war, by an officer of the armed forces;
(b) in the case of a protected internee, by or on behalf of the superintendent of the prison in which he is confined,
that the protecting power has been notified of his conviction and sentence.

FOURTH SCHEDULE
GENEVA CONVENTION RELATIVE TO THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN PERSONS IN TIME OF WAR DATED THE 12TH AUGUST, 1949

PART III – STATUS AND TREATMENT OF PROTECTED PERSONS

SECTION III – OCCUPIED TERRITORIES

Article 73
III. Right of appeal
A convicted person shall have the right of appeal provided for by the laws applied by the court. He shall be fully informed of his right to appeal or petition and of the time limit within which he may do so.

The penal procedure provided in the present Section shall apply, as far as it is applicable, to appeals. Where the laws applied by the Court make no provision for appeals, the convicted person shall have the right to petition against the finding and sentence to the competent authority of the Occupying Power.

Rome Statute

Article 81 Appeal against decision of acquittal or conviction or against sentence

1. A decision under article 74 may be appealed in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence as follows:

(a) The Prosecutor may make an appeal on any of the following grounds:

(i) Procedural error,

(ii) Error of fact, or

(iii) Error of law;

(b) The convicted person, or the Prosecutor on that person's behalf, may make an appeal on any of the following grounds:

(i) Procedural error,

(ii) Error of fact,

(iii) Error of law, or

(iv) Any other ground that affects the fairness or reliability of the proceedings or decision.

2.

(a) A sentence may be appealed, in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, by the Prosecutor or the convicted person on the ground of disproportion between the crime and the sentence;

(b) If on an appeal against sentence the Court considers that there are grounds on which the conviction might be set aside, wholly or in part, it may invite the Prosecutor and the convicted person to submit grounds under article 81, paragraph 1 (a) or (b), and may render a decision on conviction in accordance with article 83;

(c) The same procedure applies when the Court, on an appeal against conviction only, considers that there are grounds to reduce the sentence under paragraph 2 (a).

3.

(a) Unless the Trial Chamber orders otherwise, a convicted person shall remain in custody pending an appeal;

(b) When a convicted person's time in custody exceeds the sentence of imprisonment imposed, that person shall be released, except that if the Prosecutor is also appealing, the release may be subject to the conditions under subparagraph (c) below;

(c) In case of an acquittal, the accused shall be released immediately, subject to the following:

(i) Under exceptional circumstances, and having regard, inter alia, to the concrete risk of flight, the seriousness of the offence charged and the probability of success on appeal, the Trial Chamber, at the request of the Prosecutor, may maintain the detention of the person pending appeal;

(ii) A decision by the Trial Chamber under subparagraph (c) (i) may be appealed in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.

4. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 (a) and (b), execution of the decision or sentence shall be suspended during the period allowed for appeal and for the duration of the appeal proceedings.