ARTICULO I
Los crímenes siguientes son imprescriptibles, cualquiera que sea la fecha en que se hayan cometido:
a) Los crímenes de guerra según la definición dada en el estatuto del Tribunal Militar Internacional de Nuremberg, de 8 de agosto de 1945, y confirmada por las resoluciones de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas 3 (I) de 13 de febrero de 1946 y 95 (I) de 11 de diciembre de 1946, sobre todo las "infracciones graves" enumeradas en los convenios de
Ginebra de 12 de agosto de 1949 para la protección de las víctimas de la guerra;
b) Los crímenes de lesa humanidad cometidos tanto en tiempo de guerra como en tiempo de paz, según la definición dada en el estatuto del Tribunal Militar Internacional de Nuremberg, de 8 de agosto de 1945 y confirmada por las resoluciones de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas 3 (I) de 13 de febrero de 1946 y 95 (I) de 11 de diciembre de 1946, así como la expulsión por ataque armado u ocupación y los actos inhumanos debidos a la política de apartheid y el delito de genocidio definido en la convención de 1948 para la prevención y la sanción del delito de genocidio aun si esos actos no constituyen una violación del derecho interno del país donde fueron cometidos.
ARTICULO 7°-Si el delito estuviese previsto en leyes penales en blanco, el requisito de doble incriminación se satisfará en relación con ellas, aun cuando fueren diferentes las normas extrapenales que completen la descripción de la acción punible.
ARTICULO 8°-La extradición no procederá cuando:
a) El delito que la motiva fuese un delito político;
b) El delito que motiva la extradición fuese un delito previsto exclusivamente por la ley penal militar;
c) El proceso que la motiva fuese tramitado por una comisión especial de las prohibidas por el articulo 18 de la Constitución Nacional:
d) El proceso que motiva la extradición evidencie propósitos persecutorios por razón de las opiniones políticas, la nacionalidad, la raza, el o la religión de las personas involucradas o hubiese motivos fundados para suponer que esas razones pueden perjudicar el ejercicio del derecho de defensa en juicio:
e) Existan motivos fundados para suponer que el requerido pueda ser sometido a tortura u otros tratos o penas crueles, inhumanos o degradantes:
f) El delito por el que se solicita la extradición tuviere pena de muerte en el Estado requirente y éste no diere seguridades de que no será aplicable.
a) Los crímenes de guerra y los crímenes contra la humanidad:
b) Los atentados contra la vida, la integridad corporal o la libertad de un jefe de Estado o de gobierno, o de un miembro de su familia:
c) Los atentados contra la vida, la integridad corporal o la libertad de personal diplomático o de otras personas internacionalmente protegidas:
d) Los atentados contra la vida, la integridad corporal o la libertad de la población o del personal civil inocente no comprometido en la violencia generada por un conflicto armado:
e) Los delitos que atenten contra la seguridad de la aviación o la navegación civil o comercial:
f) Los actos de terrorismo:
g) Los delitos respecto de los cuales la República Argentina hubiera asumido una obligación convencional internacional de extraditar o enjuiciar.
Artículo 1º — De conformidad con lo previsto en la ley 27.156, el artículo 7º de la ley 24.390 —derogada por ley 25.430— no es aplicable a conductas delictivas que encuadren en la categoría de delitos de lesa humanidad, genocidio o crímenes de guerra, según el derecho interno o internacional.
ARTICULO 1º — Créase en el ámbito del Ministerio de Defensa Nacional la Comisión Nacional Investigadora de Crímenes de Guerra, la que tendrá por objeto esclarecer los hechos relacionados con la posible comisión de crímenes de guerra durante el transcurso de los sucesos bélicos acaecidos en el Atlántico Sur entre los meses de abril y junio de mil novecientos ochenta y dos.
1. The jurisdiction of the Court shall be limited to the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole. The Court has jurisdiction in accordance with this Statute with respect to the following crimes:
(c) War crimes;
1. The Court shall have jurisdiction in respect of war crimes in particular when committed as part of a plan or policy or as part of a large-scale commission of such crimes.
2. For the purpose of this Statute, ‘war crimes’ means:
(a) Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, namely, any of the following acts against persons or property protected under the provisions of the relevant Geneva Convention:
(i) Wilful killing;
(ii) Torture or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments;
(iii) Wilfully causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or health;
(iv) Extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly;
(v) Compelling a prisoner of war or other protected person to serve in the forces of a hostile Power;
(vi) Wilfully depriving a prisoner of war or other protected person of the rights of fair and regular trial;
(vii) Unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement;
(viii) Taking of hostages.
(b) Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict, within the established framework of international law, namely, any of the following acts:
(i) Intentionally directing attacks against the civilian population as such or against individual civilians not taking direct part in hostilities;
(ii) Intentionally directing attacks against civilian objects, that is, objects which are not military objectives;
(iii) Intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, as long as they are entitled to the protection given to civilians or civilian objects under the international law of armed conflict;
(iv) Intentionally launching an attack in the knowledge that such attack will cause incidental loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects or widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment which would be clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct overall military advantage anticipated;
(v) Attacking or bombarding, by whatever means, towns, villages, dwellings or buildings which are undefended and which are not military objectives;
(vi) Killing or wounding a combatant who, having laid down his arms or having no longer means of defence, has surrendered at discretion;
(vii) Making improper use of a flag of truce, of the flag or of the military insignia and uniform of the enemy or of the United Nations, as well as of the distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions, resulting in death or serious personal injury;
(viii) The transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies, or the deportation or transfer of all or parts of the population of the occupied territory within or outside this territory;
(ix) Intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected, provided they are not military objectives;
(x) Subjecting persons who are in the power of an adverse party to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific experiments of any kind which are neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of the person concerned nor carried out in his or her interest, and which cause death to or seriously endanger the health of such person or persons;
(xi) Killing or wounding treacherously individuals belonging to the hostile nation or army;
(xii) Declaring that no quarter will be given;
(xiii) Destroying or seizing the enemy's property unless such destruction or seizure be imperatively demanded by the necessities of war;
(xiv) Declaring abolished, suspended or inadmissible in a court of law the rights and actions of the nationals of the hostile party;
(xv) Compelling the nationals of the hostile party to take part in the operations of war directed against their own country, even if they were in the belligerent's service before the commencement of the war;
(xvi) Pillaging a town or place, even when taken by assault;
(xvii) Employing poison or poisoned weapons;
(xviii) Employing asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and all analogous liquids, materials or devices;
(xix) Employing bullets which expand or flatten easily in the human body, such as bullets with a hard envelope which does not entirely cover the core or is pierced with incisions;
(xx) Employing weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare which are of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering or which are inherently indiscriminate in violation of the international law of armed conflict, provided that such weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare are the subject of a comprehensive prohibition and are included in an annex to this Statute, by an amendment in accordance with the relevant provisions set forth in articles 121 and 123;
(xxi) Committing outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment;
(xxii) Committing rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, as defined in article 7, paragraph 2 (f), enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence also constituting a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions;
(xxiii) Utilizing the presence of a civilian or other protected person to render certain points, areas or military forces immune from military operations;
(xxiv) Intentionally directing attacks against buildings, material, medical units and transport, and personnel using the distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions in conformity with international law;
(xxv) Intentionally using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare by depriving them of objects indispensable to their survival, including wilfully impeding relief supplies as provided for under the Geneva Conventions;
(xxvi) Conscripting or enlisting children under the age of fifteen years into the national armed forces or using them to participate actively in hostilities.
(c) In the case of an armed conflict not of an international character, serious violations of article 3 common to the four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, namely, any of the following acts committed against persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention or any other cause:
(i) Violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture;
(ii) Committing outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment;
(iii) Taking of hostages;
(iv) The passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgement pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all judicial guarantees which are generally recognized as indispensable.
(d) Paragraph 2 (c) applies to armed conflicts not of an international character and thus does not apply to situations of internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or other acts of a similar nature.
(e) Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in armed conflicts not of an international character, within the established framework of international law, namely, any of the following acts:
(i) Intentionally directing attacks against the civilian population as such or against individual civilians not taking direct part in hostilities;
(ii) Intentionally directing attacks against buildings, material, medical units and transport, and personnel using the distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions in conformity with international law;
(iii) Intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, material, units or vehicles involved in a humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, as long as they are entitled to the protection given to civilians or civilian objects under the international law of armed conflict;
(iv) Intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected, provided they are not military objectives;
(v) Pillaging a town or place, even when taken by assault;
(vi) Committing rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, as defined in article 7, paragraph 2 (f), enforced sterilization, and any other form of sexual violence also constituting a serious violation of article 3 common to the four Geneva Conventions;
(vii) Conscripting or enlisting children under the age of fifteen years into armed forces or groups or using them to participate actively in hostilities;
(viii) Ordering the displacement of the civilian population for reasons related to the conflict, unless the security of the civilians involved or imperative military reasons so demand;
(ix) Killing or wounding treacherously a combatant adversary;
(x) Declaring that no quarter will be given;
(xi) Subjecting persons who are in the power of another party to the conflict to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific experiments of any kind which are neither justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of the person concerned nor carried out in his or her interest, and which cause death to or seriously endanger the health of such person or persons;
(xii) Destroying or seizing the property of an adversary unless such destruction or seizure be imperatively demanded by the necessities of the conflict;
(xiii) Employing poison or poisoned weapons;
(xiv) Employing asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and all analogous liquids, materials or devices;
(xv) Employing bullets which expand or flatten easily in the human body, such as bullets with a hard envelope which does not entirely cover the core or is pierced with incisions.
(f) Paragraph 2 (e) applies to armed conflicts not of an international character and thus does not apply to situations of internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or other acts of a similar nature. It applies to armed conflicts that take place in the territory of a State when there is protracted armed conflict between governmental authorities and organized armed groups or between such groups.
3. Nothing in paragraph 2 (c) and (e) shall affect the responsibility of a Government to maintain or re-establish law and order in the State or to defend the unity and territorial integrity of the State, by all legitimate means.