Widespread or systematic attack - crimes against humanity

Finland

Finland - Criminal Code 1894 (2015) EN

Chapter 11 – War crimes and crimes against humanity

Section 3 - Crime against humanity

A person who, as part of a broad or systematic assault on civilian population,

Chapter 11 – War crimes and crimes against humanity

Section 4 – Aggravated crime against humanity

If in a crime against humanity

(1) the offence is directed against a large group of persons,
(2) the offence is committed in an especially brutal, cruel or degrading manner or
(3) the offence is committed in an especially planned or systematic manner,
and the offence is aggravated also when assessed as a whole, the offender shall be sentenced for an aggravated crime against humanity to imprisonment for at least eight years or for life.

(2) An attempt is punishable.

Finland - Criminal Code 1894 (2021) EN

Chapter 11 (212/2008)
War crimes and crimes against humanity

Section 3 (212/2008)
Crime against humanity

A person who, as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population,

1) kills or enslaves another person, subjects him or her to trade by making an offer, purchasing, selling or renting, or tortures him or her, or in some other manner causes him or her great suffering or a serious injury or seriously harms his or her health, or destroys people by inflicting on a population or part of it destructive conditions of life or in some other manner,
2) deports or forcibly transfers population lawfully residing in an area,
3) imprisons a person or otherwise deprives him or her of his or her liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law or causes the enforced disappearance of a person who has been deprived of his or her liberty,
4) rapes another person, subjects him or her to sexual slavery, forces him or her into prostitution, pregnancy or sterilisation or commits other sexual violence of comparable gravity against him or her, or
5) engages in racial discrimination or persecutes an identifiable group or collectivity on the basis of political opinion, race, nationality, ethnic origin, culture, religion or gender or on other comparable grounds

shall be sentenced for a crime against humanity to imprisonment for at least one year or for life.

Chapter 11 (212/2008)
War crimes and crimes against humanity

Section 4 (212/2008)
Aggravated crime against humanity

If a crime against humanity

1) is directed against a large group of people,
2) is committed in a particularly brutal, cruel or humiliating manner, or
3) is committed in a particularly premeditated or systematic manner,

and the offence is also aggravated when assessed as a whole, the perpetrator shall be sentenced for an aggravated crime against humanity to imprisonment for at least eight years or for life.

An attempt is punishable.

Rome Statute

Article 7 Crimes against humanity

1. For the purpose of this Statute, ‘crime against humanity’ means any of the following acts when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack:

(a) Murder;

(b) Extermination;

(c) Enslavement;

(d) Deportation or forcible transfer of population;

(e) Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law;

(f) Torture;

(g) Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity;

(h) Persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in paragraph 3, or other grounds that are universally recognized as impermissible under international law, in connection with any act referred to in this paragraph or any crime within the jurisdiction of the Court;

(i) Enforced disappearance of persons;

(j) The crime of apartheid;

(k) Other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health.