Necessity - national proceedings

Estonia

Estonia - Penal Code 2001 (2020) EN

Part 1 GENERAL PART
Chapter 2 OFFENCE
Division 2 Preclusion of Unlawfulness

ยง 29. Necessity
An act is not unlawful if the person commits the act in order to avert a direct or immediate danger to the legal rights of the person or of another person, and if the means chosen by the person are necessary for the aversion of the danger and the interest protected is evidently of higher importance than the interest subject to damage. In considering interests, the importance of the legal rights, the degree of the danger by which they are threatened and the danger arising from the act shall be taken into account.

Rome Statute

Article 31 Grounds for excluding criminal responsibility

1. In addition to other grounds for excluding criminal responsibility provided for in this Statute, a person shall not be criminally responsible if, at the time of that person's conduct:

(c) The person acts reasonably to defend himself or herself or another person or, in the case of war crimes, property which is essential for the survival of the person or another person or property which is essential for accomplishing a military mission, against an imminent and unlawful use of force in a manner proportionate to the degree of danger to the person or the other person or property protected. The fact that the person was involved in a defensive operation conducted by forces shall not in itself constitute a ground for excluding criminal responsibility under this subparagraph;