Severe deprivation of physical liberty - crimes against humanity

Estonia

Estonia - Penal Code 2001 (2020) EN

Part 2 SPECIAL PART
Chapter 8 OFFENCES AGAINST HUMANITY AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
Division 2 Offences Against Humanity

§ 89. Crimes against humanity
(1) Systematic or large-scale deprivation or restriction of human rights and freedoms, instigated or directed by a state, organisation or group, or killing, torture, rape, causing health damage, forced displacement, expulsion, subjection to prostitution, unfounded deprivation of liberty, or other abuse of civilians, is punishable by eight to twenty years’ imprisonment or life imprisonment.
(2) The same act, if committed by a legal person, is punishable by a pecuniary punishment.

Part 2 SPECIAL PART
Chapter 9 OFFENCES AGAINST THE PERSON
Division 6 Offences against Liberty

§ 136. Unlawful deprivation of liberty
(1) Unlawful deprivation of the liberty of another person is punishable by a pecuniary punishment or up to five years’ imprisonment.
(2) The same act, if committed against a person of less than eighteen years of age, is punishable by one to five years’ imprisonment.
(3) An act provided for in subsection (1) or (2) of this section, if committed by a legal person, is punishable by a pecuniary punishment.

Rome Statute

Article 7 Crimes against humanity

1. For the purpose of this Statute, ‘crime against humanity’ means any of the following acts when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack:

(e) Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law;