Title II
Rights
CHAPTER EIGHT
Rights to protection
Article 76. In all processes where rights and obligations of any kind are set forth, the right to due process of law shall be ensured, including the following basic guarantees :
7. The right of persons to defense shall include the following guarantees :
i) No one can be judged more than once for the same case and offense. For this purpose, the cases ruled by the indigenous legal system must also be taken into account.
Art. 5.- Único proceso.- Ninguna persona será procesada ni penada, más de una vez, por un mismo hecho.
Art. ...- Debido proceso.- Se aplicarán las normas que garanticen el debido proceso en todas las etapas o fases hasta la culminación del trámite; y se respetarán los principios de presunción de inocencia, inmediación, contradicción, derecho a la defensa, igualdad de oportunidades de las partes procesales, imparcialidad del juzgador y fundamentación de los fallos.
Art. 41.- Efecto de cosa juzgada.- Las sentencias ejecutoriadas en los procesos civiles no producen el efecto de cosa juzgada en lo penal, excepto las que deciden las cuestiones prejudiciales indicadas en el artículo anterior.
Las sentencias ejecutoriadas en los procesos penales, producen el efecto de cosa juzgada, en lo concerniente al ejercicio de la acción civil, solo cuando declaran que no existe la infracción o, cuando existiendo, declaran que el procesado no es culpable de la misma.
Por tanto, no podrá demandarse la indemnización civil derivada de la infracción penal mientras no exista una sentencia penal condenatoria ejecutoriada que declare a una persona responsable de la infracción.
1. Except as provided in this Statute, no person shall be tried before the Court with respect to conduct which formed the basis of crimes for which the person has been convicted or acquitted by the Court.
2. No person shall be tried by another court for a crime referred to in article 5 for which that person has already been convicted or acquitted by the Court.
3. No person who has been tried by another court for conduct also proscribed under article 6, 7, 8 or 8 bis shall be tried by the Court with respect to the same conduct unless the proceedings in the other court:
(a) Were for the purpose of shielding the person concerned from criminal responsibility for crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court; or
(b) Otherwise were not conducted independently or impartially in accordance with the norms of due process recognized by international law and were conducted in a manner which, in the circumstances, was inconsistent with an intent to bring the person concerned to justice.