Commission through another person

Czech Republic

Czech republic - Criminal Code 2010 (2011) EN

PART ONE GENERAL
CHAPTER II CRIMINAL LIABILITY
Division 4 Offender, Accomplice and Accessory to a Criminal Offence

Section 22 Offender
(2) An offender of a criminal offence is also anyone who uses for its commission another person, who is not criminally liable due to lack of age, insanity, error or because he/she acted within the scope of necessary defence, extreme necessity, or other circumstances precluding criminal liability, or who did not act by him-/herself or did not act culpably. An offender of a criminal offence is also anyone who uses for commission of a criminal offence such a person, who did not act with a special intention or out of a motive stipulated by the law; in such cases is the criminal liability of such a person for another offence committed by this conduct not precluded.

Czech republic - Criminal Procedure Code 1961 (2012) EN

PART ONE
GENERAL PART

CHAPTER II
CRIMINAL LIABILITY

Division 4
Offender, Accomplice and Accessory to a Criminal Offence

Section 22 Offender
(2) An offender of a criminal offence is also anyone who uses for its commission another person, who is not criminally liable due to lack of age, insanity, error or because he/she acted within the scope of necessary defence, extreme necessity, or other circumstances precluding criminal liability, or who did not act by him-/herself or did not act culpably. An offender of a criminal offence is also anyone who uses for commission of a criminal offence such a person, who did not act with a special intention or out of a motive stipulated by the law; in such cases is the criminal liability of such a person for another offence committed by this conduct not precluded.

Rome Statute

Article 25 Individual criminal responsibility

3. In accordance with this Statute, a person shall be criminally responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court if that person:

(a) Commits such a crime, whether as an individual, jointly with another or through another person, regardless of whether that other person is criminally responsible;