Self-defence - national proceedings

Costa Rica

Costa Rica - Criminal Code 1970 (2021) ES

Artículo 28.-No comete delito el que obra en defensa de la persona o derechos, propios o ajenos, siempre que concurran las siguientes circunstancias: 

a) Agresión ilegítima; y 
b) Necesidad razonable de la defensa empleada para repeler o impedir la agresión. 

Se entenderá que concurre esta causal de justificación para aquel que ejecutare actos violentos contra el individuo extraño que, sin derecho alguno y con peligro para los habitantes u ocupantes de la edificación o sus dependencias, se hallare dentro de ellas, cualquiera que sea el daño causado al intruso.

Rome Statute

Article 31 Grounds for excluding criminal responsibility

1. In addition to other grounds for excluding criminal responsibility provided for in this Statute, a person shall not be criminally responsible if, at the time of that person's conduct:

(c) The person acts reasonably to defend himself or herself or another person or, in the case of war crimes, property which is essential for the survival of the person or another person or property which is essential for accomplishing a military mission, against an imminent and unlawful use of force in a manner proportionate to the degree of danger to the person or the other person or property protected. The fact that the person was involved in a defensive operation conducted by forces shall not in itself constitute a ground for excluding criminal responsibility under this subparagraph;