Necessity - national proceedings

Costa Rica

Costa Rica - Criminal Code 1970 (2021) ES

ARTÍCULO 27.-

No comete delito el que, ante una situación de peligro para bien jurídico propio o ajeno, lesiona otro, para evitar un mal mayor, siempre que concurran los siguientes requisitos: 

a) Que el peligro sea actual o inminente;
b) Que no lo haya provocado voluntariamente; y c) Que no sea evitable de otra manera. 

Si el titular del bien que se trata de salvar, tiene el deber jurídico de afrontar el riesgo, no se aplicará lo dispuesto en este artículo.

Rome Statute

Article 31 Grounds for excluding criminal responsibility

1. In addition to other grounds for excluding criminal responsibility provided for in this Statute, a person shall not be criminally responsible if, at the time of that person's conduct:

(c) The person acts reasonably to defend himself or herself or another person or, in the case of war crimes, property which is essential for the survival of the person or another person or property which is essential for accomplishing a military mission, against an imminent and unlawful use of force in a manner proportionate to the degree of danger to the person or the other person or property protected. The fact that the person was involved in a defensive operation conducted by forces shall not in itself constitute a ground for excluding criminal responsibility under this subparagraph;