Superior / subordinate relationship (military) - national proceedings

Colombia

Colombia - Law 589 on definition of genocide, forced disappearance, tortura 2000 ES

Artículo 284B. Circunstancias de Agravación Punitiva. La pena prevista en el artículo anterior será de treinta (30) a cuarenta (40) años, en los siguientes casos:
1. Que el agente tuviere la condición de servidor público o un particular que actúe bajo la determinación o con la aquiescencia de aquel.
2. Cuando se cometa en persona con discapacidad que le impide valerse por sí misma, o en menor de dieciocho (18) años, o mayor de sesenta (60) o mujer embarazada.
3. Cuando se cometa por razón de sus calidades, contra las siguientes personas: periodistas, comunicadores sociales, defensores de los derechos humanos, candidatos o aspirantes a cargos de elección popular, dirigentes cívicos, comunitarios, étnicos, sindicales, políticos o religiosos, contra quienes hayan sido testigos o víctimas de conductas punibles o faltas disciplinarias.
4. Cuando se cometa utilizando bienes del Estado.
5. Cuando se sometiere a las víctimas a tratos crueles, inhumanos o degradantes.

Rome Statute

In addition to other grounds of criminal responsibility under this Statute for crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court:

Article 28 Responsibility of commanders and other superiors

(b) With respect to superior and subordinate relationships not described in paragraph (a), a superior shall be criminally responsible for crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court committed by subordinates under his or her effective authority and control, as a result of his or her failure to exercise control properly over such subordinates, where:

(i) The superior either knew, or consciously disregarded information which clearly indicated, that the subordinates were committing or about to commit such crimes;

(ii) The crimes concerned activities that were within the effective responsibility and control of the superior; and

(iii) The superior failed to take all necessary and reasonable measures within his or her power to prevent or repress their commission or to submit the matter to the competent authorities for investigation and prosecution.