Admissibility of evidence - national proceedings

Guatemala

Constitución 1985 (1993)

ARTICULO 23.- Inviolabilidad de la vivienda. La vivienda es inviolable. Nadie podrá penetrar en morada ajena sin permiso de quien la habita, salvo por orden escrita de juez competente en la que se especifique el motivo de la diligencia y nunca antes de las seis ni después de las dieciocho horas, Tal diligencia se realizará siempre en presencia del interesado, o de su mandatario.
ARTICULO 24.- Inviolabilidad de correspondencia, documentos y libros. La correspondencia de toda persona, sus documentos y libros son inviolables. Sólo podrán revisarse o incautarse, en virtud de resolución firme dictada por juez competente y con las formalidades legales. Se garantiza el secreto de la correspondencia y de las comunicaciones telefónicas, radiofónicas, cablegráficas y otros productos de la tecnología moderna.
Los libros, documentos y archivos que se relacionan con el pago de impuestos, tasa, arbitrios y contribuciones, podrán ser revisados por la autoridad competente de conformidad con la ley. Es punible revelar el monto de los impuestos pagados, utilidades, pérdidas, costos y cualquier otro dato referente a las contabilidades revisadas a personas individuales o jurídicas, con excepción de los balances generales, cuya publicación ordene la ley.
Los documentos o informaciones obtenidas con violación de este artículo no producen fe ni hacen prueba en juicio.

Rome Statute

Article 69 Evidence

1. Before testifying, each witness shall, in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, give an undertaking as to the truthfulness of the evidence to be given by that witness.

2. The testimony of a witness at trial shall be given in person, except to the extent provided by the measures set forth in article 68 or in the Rules of Procedure and Evidence. The Court may also permit the giving of viva voce (oral) or recorded testimony of a witness by means of video or audio technology, as well as the introduction of documents or written transcripts, subject to this Statute and in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence. These measures shall not be prejudicial to or inconsistent with the rights of the accused.

3. The parties may submit evidence relevant to the case, in accordance with article 64. The Court shall have the authority to request the submission of all evidence that it considers necessary for the determination of the truth.

4. The Court may rule on the relevance or admissibility of any evidence, taking into account, inter alia, the probative value of the evidence and any prejudice that such evidence may cause to a fair trial or to a fair evaluation of the testimony of a witness, in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.

5. The Court shall respect and observe privileges on confidentiality as provided for in the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.

6. The Court shall not require proof of facts of common knowledge but may take judicial notice of them.

7. Evidence obtained by means of a violation of this Statute or internationally recognized human rights shall not be admissible if:

(a) The violation casts substantial doubt on the reliability of the evidence; or

(b) The admission of the evidence would be antithetical to and would seriously damage the integrity of the proceedings.

8. When deciding on the relevance or admissibility of evidence collected by a State, the Court shall not rule on the application of the State's national law.