BOOK I
GENERAL PART
TITLE III
CIRCUMSTANCES
SINGLE CHAPTER
GENERAL RULES
Article 53. Recurrence
1. Any person who commits a crime of intent individually or under any form of joint participation that is punishable with effective imprisonment superior to 6 months, after having received final sentence of an effective penalty of imprisonment superior to 6 months due to a previous crime of intent, and it be found that, according to the circumstances of the case, the previous sentence or sentences have failed to serve as sufficient warning against crime to the perpetrator, the same shall be considered a repeat offender.
2. There is no recurrence if, between the commissions of one and the other crime, more than four years have elapsed, not considering the time that the perpetrator has been subject to a procedural measure, penalty or security measure involving deprivation of liberty.
3. In the event of recurrence, the minimum limit of the penalty applicable to the crime is increased by one-third and the maximum limit remains unchanged, however the aggravation cannot exceed the measure of the heaviest penalty applied in previous convictions.
1. The Court shall have jurisdiction over natural persons pursuant to this Statute.
2. A person who commits a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court shall be individually responsible and liable for punishment in accordance with this Statute.
3. In accordance with this Statute, a person shall be criminally responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court if that person:
(a) Commits such a crime, whether as an individual, jointly with another or through another person, regardless of whether that other person is criminally responsible;
(b) Orders, solicits or induces the commission of such a crime which in fact occurs or is attempted;
(c) For the purpose of facilitating the commission of such a crime, aids, abets or otherwise assists in its commission or its attempted commission, including providing the means for its commission;
(d) In any other way contributes to the commission or attempted commission of such a crime by a group of persons acting with a common purpose. Such contribution shall be intentional and shall either:
(i) Be made with the aim of furthering the criminal activity or criminal purpose of the group, where such activity or purpose involves the commission of a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court; or
(ii) Be made in the knowledge of the intention of the group to commit the crime;
(e) In respect of the crime of genocide, directly and publicly incites others to commit genocide;
(f) Attempts to commit such a crime by taking action that commences its execution by means of a substantial step, but the crime does not occur because of circumstances independent of the person's intentions. However, a person who abandons the effort to commit the crime or otherwise prevents the completion of the crime shall not be liable for punishment under this Statute for the attempt to commit that crime if that person completely and voluntarily gave up the criminal purpose.
3 bis. In respect of the crime of aggression, the provisions of this article shall apply only to persons in a position effectively to exercise control over or to direct the political or military action of a State.
4. No provision in this Statute relating to individual criminal responsibility shall affect the responsibility of States under international law.