Responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas

Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein - Criminal Code 1987 (2021) EN

§ 27
Loss of office and other legal consequences of conviction
1) An official sentenced by a domestic court to imprisonment of more than one year for one or more intentionally committed offences shall lose his office.
2) Where a law provides that a criminal conviction has a legal consequence other than the legal consequence referred to in paragraph 1, the legal consequence, unless otherwise stipulated, shall end after five years, to the extent it does not consist in the loss of special rights resulting from an election, award, or appointment. The time period shall commence as soon as the sentence has been enforced and preventive measures have been executed or have ceased; if the sentence was served only by taking into account provisional detention, the time period shall commence once the judgement becomes final.

§ 74a^104
Liability
1) To the extent they are not acting in enforcement of the laws, legal persons shall be liable for any misdemeanours and crimes committed by managers unlawfully and culpably in their capacity in the performance of business activities and within the framework of the purpose of the legal person (underlying acts).
2) Legal persons shall mean
1. legal persons entered in the commercial register as well as legal persons which neither have their domicile nor a place of operation or establishment in Liechtenstein, insofar as these would have to be entered in the commercial register under domestic law, and
2. foundations and associations not entered in the commercial register as well as foundations and associations which neither have their domicile nor a place of operation or establishment in Liechtenstein.105
3) Managing staff shall mean any person
1. authorized to represent the legal person in external relations,
2. who performs control powers in a leading capacity, or
3. otherwise exerts significant influence over the business management of the legal person.
4) Where the underlying acts have been committed by employees of the legal person, even though not culpably, the legal person shall be liable only if the commission of the act was made possible or was significantly facilitated by the failure of managing staff, as defined by paragraph 3, to take the necessary and reasonable measures to prevent such underlying acts.
5) The liability of the legal person for the underlying act and the criminal liability of the managing staff or employees for the same act shall not be exclusive of each other.

Estatuto de Roma

Artículo 25 Responsabilidad penal individual

1. De conformidad con el presente Estatuto, la Corte tendrá competencia respecto de las personas naturales.

2. Quien cometa un crimen de la competencia de la Corte será responsable individualmente y podrá ser penado de conformidad con el presente Estatuto.

3. De conformidad con el presente Estatuto, será penalmente responsable y podrá ser penado por la comisión de un crimen de la competencia de la Corte quien:

(a) Cometa ese crimen por sí solo, con otro o por conducto de otro, sea éste o no penalmente responsable;

(b) Ordene, proponga o induzca la comisión de ese crimen, ya sea consumado o en grado de tentativa;

(c) Con el propósito de facilitar la comisión de ese crimen, sea cómplice o encubridor o colabore de algún modo en la comisión o la tentativa de comisión del crimen, incluso suministrando los medios para su comisión;

(d) Contribuya de algún otro modo en la comisión o tentativa de comisión del crimen por un grupo de personas que tengan una finalidad común. La contribución deberá ser intencional y se hará:

(i) Con el propósito de llevar a cabo la actividad o propósito delictivo del grupo, cuando una u otro entrañe la comisión de un crimen de la competencia de la Corte; o

(ii) A sabiendas de que el grupo tiene la intención de cometer el crimen;

(e) Respecto del crimen de genocidio, haga una instigación directa y pública a que se cometa;

(f) Intente cometer ese crimen mediante actos que supongan un paso importante para su ejecución, aunque el crimen no se consume debido a circunstancias ajenas a su voluntad. Sin embargo, quien desista de la comisión del crimen o impida de otra forma que se consume no podrá ser penado de conformidad con el presente Estatuto por la tentativa si renunciare íntegra y voluntariamente al propósito delictivo.

3 bis. Por lo que respecta al crimen de agresión, las disposiciones del presente artículo sólo se aplicarán a las personas en condiciones de controlar o dirigir efectivamente la acción política o militar de un Estado

4. Nada de lo dispuesto en el presente Estatuto respecto de la responsabilidad penal de las personas naturales afectará a la responsabilidad del Estado conforme al derecho internacional.