CHAPTER III
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Article 20
a. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, security of the person, property, privilege or any other right except as the outcome of a hearing judgment consistent with the provisions laid down in this Constitution and in accordance with due process of law. Justice shall be done without sale, denial or delay ; and in all cases not arising in courts not of record, under courts-martial and upon impeachment, the parties shall have the right to trial by jury.
CHAPTER III
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Article 21
c. Every person suspected or accused of committing a crime shall immediately upon arrest be informed in detail of the charges, of the right to remain silent and of the fact that any statement made could be used against him in a court of law. Such person shall be entitled to counsel at every stage of the investigation and shall have the right not to be interrogated except in the presence of counsel. Any admission or other statements made by the accused in the absence of such counsel shall be deemed inadmissible as evidence in a court of law.
CHAPTER III
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Article 21
e. No person charged, arrested, restricted, detained or otherwise held in confinement shall be subject to torture or inhumane treatment ;
CHAPTER III
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Article 21
e. nor shall any person be seized and kept among convicted prisoners or treated as a convict, unless such person first shall have been convicted of a crime in court of competent jurisdiction.
CHAPTER III
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Article 21
f. Every person arrested or detained shall be formally charged and presented before a court of competent jurisdiction within forty-eight hours. Should the court determine the existence of a prima facie case against the accused, it shall issue a formal writ of arrest setting out the charge or charges and shall provide for a speedy trial. There shall be no preventive detention.
CHAPTER III
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Article 21
h. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or infamous crime except in cases of impeachment, cases arising in the Armed Forces and petty offenses, unless upon indictment by Grand Jury ; and in all such cases, the accused shall have the right to a speedy, public and impartial trial by a jury of the vicinity, unless such person shall, with appropriate understanding, expressly waive the right to a jury trial. In all criminal cases, the accused shall have the right to be represented by counsel of his choice, to confront witnesses against him and to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. He shall not be compelled to furnish evidence against himself and he shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved beyond a reasonable doubt. No person shall be subject to double jeopardy.
PART I
Introductory
Chapter 1. PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
§1.12. Employment of interpreter.
An interpreter shall be used in any criminal proceeding when the defendant is present and does not speak or understand English or when a witness is examined who does not speak or understand English. Before undertaking his duties, the interpreter shall swear or affirm that he will faithfully perform them.
PART I
Introductory
Chapter 2. RIGHTS OF DEFENDANT
§2.1 .Defendant presumed innocent ; reasonable doubt requires acquittal.
A defendant in a criminal action is presumed to be innocent until the contrary is proved ; and in case of a reasonable doubt whether his guilt is satisfactorily shown, he is entitled to an acquittal.
PART I
Introductory
Chapter 2. RIGHTS OF DEFENDANT
§2.2. Adequate legal representation of accused persons.
1. Right to representation by legal counsel at every stage of proceedings.
In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to be represented by legal counsel at every stage of the proceedings from the time of arrest or, where no arrest has been made, from the initial appearance and submission of the accused to the jurisdiction of the court. This right continues through appeal and postconviction proceedings, if any.
PART I
Introductory
Chapter 2. RIGHTS OF DEFENDANT
§2.2. Adequate legal representation of accused persons.
2. Accused to be advised of rights.
As soon as practicable after arrival at the first place of custody upon an arrest or, where no arrest has been made, upon the initial appearance and submission of the accused to the jurisdiction of the court and at the commencement of every new stage of the proceedings, when an accused appears without legal counsel, the accused shall be advised of his right to retain legal counsel of his own selection and in all cases where the crimes charged are triable only in the Circuit Court, of his right to have legal counsel to represent him if he is financially unable to retain legal counsel.
PART I
Introductory
Chapter 2. RIGHTS OF DEFENDANT
§2.2. Adequate legal representation of accused persons.
3. Facilities to obtain and consult with legal counsel of own selection to be furnished.
At any time when an accused while in custody or on appearance before the court advises that he desires to obtain legal counsel of his own selection, upon his request he shall immediately be furnished, without cost to him, with available facilities to aid him in securing such counsel and shall be allowed reasonable time and opportunity to consult privately with such counsel before any further proceedings are had.
PART I
Introductory
Chapter 2. RIGHTS OF DEFENDANT
§2.2. Adequate legal representation of accused persons.
4. Appointment of Defense Counsel for those financially unable to retain legal counsel.
In all cases where the crimes charged are triable only in the Circuit Court, at any time when an accused advises that he is financially unable to retain legal counsel and that he desires to have legal counsel assigned to represent him, as soon after his request as practicable, he shall be brought before the court then having jurisdiction over him to decide whether the county Defense Counsel shall be assigned to represent him. If the court is satisfied after appropriate inquiry that the accused is financially unable to retain legal counsel, it shall assign the county Defense Counsel to represent him, and the accused shall be allowed reasonable time and opportunity to consult privately with such counsel before any further proceedings are had.
Counsel so assigned shall serve without cost to the accused and he shall have free access to the accused, in private, at all reasonable hours while acting as legal counsel for him. The assignment of Defense Counsel shall not deprive the accused of the right to engage other legal counsel in substitution at any stage of the proceedings.
PART I
Introductory
Chapter 2. RIGHTS OF DEFENDANT
§2.2. Adequate legal representation of accused persons.
5.Right to proceed without legal counsel ; exception.
An accused has a right to proceed without legal counsel and to be heard in person. However, whenever an accused appears in court without legal counsel and has been advised of his right to have legal counsel represent him, unless the court determines that he has understandingly elected to proceed without such counsel, the court shall assign the county Defense Counsel to defend him.
PART I
Introductory
Chapter 2. RIGHTS OF DEFENDANT
§2.3. Cautions to be given accused on interrogations.
No peace officer or other employee of the Republic shall interrogate, interview, examine, or otherwise make inquiries of a person accused or suspected of an offense, or request any statement from him, including a confession of guilt, without first informing him of the following :
(a)The nature of the offense of which he is accused or suspected ;
(b)That he has the right to have legal counsel present at all times while he is being questioned or is making any statement or admission ;
(c) That he does not have to make any statement or admission regarding the offense of which he is accused or suspected ;
(d)That any statement or admission made by him may be used as evidence against him in a criminal prosecution.
PART I
Introductory
Chapter 2. RIGHTS OF DEFENDANT
§2.4. Presence of the defendant.
1. Presence of defendant generally.
Except as otherwise provided by this section, a defendant shall be present at his arraignment, when a plea of guilty is made, at every stage of the trial including the impaneling of the jury and the return of the verdict, and at the imposition of sentence. The defendant shall have the right to be present at the taking of any depositions taken at the instance of the prosecution.
PART I
Introductory
Chapter 2. RIGHTS OF DEFENDANT
§2.5. Privileges and duties of accused persons.
1. Accused's privilege not be a witness.
Every person in any criminal action in which he is an accused has a privilege not to be called as a witness and not to testify. He may, however, subject to the limitations contained in this chapter, testify in his own behalf in accordance with the rules governing other witnesses.
PART II
Procedure in Criminal Actions
Chapter 16. ARRAIGNMENT, PLEAS, AND PRETRIAL MOTIONS
§16.4. Pleas.
A defendant may plead guilty or not guilty, except that in a capital case only a plea of not guilty may be accepted. The court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty in any other case and shall not accept such plea without first (a) making such inquiry as may satisfy it that the defendant in fact committed the crime charged and (b) addressing the defendant personally and determining that the plea is made voluntarily with understanding of the nature of the charge. If a defendant refuses to plead or if the court refuses to accept a plea of guilty or if a defendant corporation fails to appear, the court shall enter a plea of not guilty.
1. En las investigaciones realizadas de conformidad con el presente Estatuto:
(a) Nadie será obligado a declarar contra sí mismo ni a declararse culpable;
(b) Nadie será sometido a forma alguna de coacción, intimidación o amenaza, a torturas ni a otros tratos o castigos crueles, inhumanos o degradantes;
(c) Quien haya de ser interrogado en un idioma que no sea el que comprende y habla perfectamente contará, sin cargo alguno, con los servicios de un intérprete competente y las traducciones que sean necesarias a los efectos de cumplir el requisito de equidad; y
(d) Nadie será sometido a arresto o detención arbitrarios ni será privado de su libertad salvo por los motivos previstos en el presente Estatuto y de conformidad con los procedimientos establecidos en él.
2. Cuando haya motivos para creer que una persona ha cometido un crimen de la competencia de la Corte y esa persona haya de ser interrogada por el Fiscal o por las autoridades nacionales, en cumplimiento de una solicitud hecha de conformidad con lo dispuesto en la Parte IX, tendrá además los derechos siguientes, de los que será informada antes del interrogatorio:
(a) A ser informada de que existen motivos para creer que ha cometido un crimen de la competencia de la Corte;
(b) A guardar silencio, sin que ello pueda tenerse en cuenta a los efectos de determinar su culpabilidad o inocencia;
(c) A ser asistida por un abogado defensor de su elección o, si no lo tuviere, a que se le asigne un defensor de oficio, siempre que fuere necesario en interés de la justicia y, en cualquier caso, sin cargo si careciere de medios suficientes; y
(d) A ser interrogada en presencia de su abogado, a menos que haya renunciado voluntariamente a su derecho a asistencia letrada.
1. El acusado estará presente durante el juicio.
2. Si el acusado, estando presente en la Corte, perturbare continuamente el juicio, la Sala de Primera Instancia podrá disponer que salga de ella y observe el proceso y dé instrucciones a su defensor desde fuera, utilizando, en caso necesario, tecnologías de comunicación. Esas medidas se adoptarán únicamente en circunstancias excepcionales, después de que se haya demostrado que no hay otras posibilidades razonables y adecuadas, y únicamente durante el tiempo que sea estrictamente necesario.
1. Se presumirá que toda persona es inocente mientras no se pruebe su culpabilidad ante la Corte de conformidad con el derecho aplicable.
2. Incumbirá al Fiscal probar la culpabilidad del acusado.
3. Para dictar sentencia condenatoria, la Corte deberá estar convencida de la culpabilidad del acusado más allá de toda duda razonable.
1. En la determinación de cualquier cargo, el acusado tendrá derecho a ser oído públicamente, habida cuenta de las disposiciones del presente Estatuto, y a una audiencia justa e imparcial, así como a las siguientes garantías mínimas en pie de plena igualdad:
(a) A ser informado sin demora y en forma detallada, en un idioma que comprenda y hable perfectamente, de la naturaleza, la causa y el contenido de los cargos que se le imputan;
(b) A disponer del tiempo y de los medios adecuados para la preparación de su defensa y a comunicarse libre y confidencialmente con un defensor de su elección;
(c) A ser juzgado sin dilaciones indebidas;
(d) Con sujeción a lo dispuesto en el párrafo 2 del artículo 63, el acusado tendrá derecho a hallarse presente en el proceso y a defenderse personalmente o ser asistido por un defensor de su elección; a ser informado, si no tuviera defensor, del derecho que le asiste a tenerlo y, siempre que el interés de la justicia lo exija, a que se le nombre defensor de oficio, gratuitamente si careciere de medios suficientes para pagarlo;
(e) A interrogar o hacer interrogar a los testigos de cargo y a obtener la comparecencia de los testigos de descargo y que éstos sean interrogados en las mismas condiciones que los testigos de cargo. El acusado tendrá derecho también a oponer excepciones y a presentar cualquier otra prueba admisible de conformidad con el presente Estatuto;
(f) A ser asistido gratuitamente por un intérprete competente y a obtener las traducciones necesarias para satisfacer los requisitos de equidad, si en las actuaciones ante la Corte o en los documentos presentados a la Corte se emplea un idioma que no comprende y no habla;
(g) A no ser obligado a declarar contra sí mismo ni a declararse culpable y a guardar silencio, sin que ello pueda tenerse en cuenta a los efectos de determinar su culpabilidad o inocencia;
(h) A declarar de palabra o por escrito en su defensa sin prestar juramento; y
(i) A que no se invierta la carga de la prueba ni le sea impuesta la carga de presentar contrapruebas.
2. Además de cualquier otra divulgación de información estipulada en el presente Estatuto, el Fiscal divulgará a la defensa, tan pronto como sea posible, las pruebas que obren en su poder o estén bajo su control y que, a su juicio, indiquen o tiendan a indicar la inocencia del acusado, o a atenuar su culpabilidad, o que puedan afectar a la credibilidad de las pruebas de cargo. En caso de duda acerca de la aplicación de este párrafo, la Corte decidirá.