Palabra clave

Normas de juicio justo

Kirguistán

Kyrgyzstan - Constitution 2010 EN

SECTION II
HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Chapter I
Fundamental rights and freedoms

Article 20

5. The following rights established in the present Constitution, shall not be subject to any limitation whatsoever :

1) That of each detained person to human treatment and respect of human dignity ;
2) That of appeal to pardon or alleviation of punishment ;
3) That of repeated consideration of the case by a higher court ;

SECTION II
HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Chapter II
Human rights and freedoms

Article 24

3. No one may be arrested, kept in custody or be deprived of freedom except by court decision and solely on the basis of and in accordance with the procedures established by the law.

4. No one may be detained in custody for more than 48 hours without the court ruling.

Anyone detained person should be promptly or in any case until expiration of 48 hours since the moment of detention should be delivered to court in order to decide the issue on the legality of his/her detention.

In certain cases the lay may provide for shorter terms of detention.

Any detained person has the right to review the legality of detention in accordance with the rules and periodicity established by law. In the event that the grounds for detention ceases to be valid, such person should be immediately released.

SECTION II
HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Chapter II
Human rights and freedoms

Article 24

5. Any detained person shall be informed urgently of the grounds for his/her detention, have rights explained and ensured, including the right of medical inspection and assistance from the doctor.

SECTION II
HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Chapter II
Human rights and freedoms

Article 24

5. Since the moment of actual detention a person should be kept safe, such person shall be granted an opportunity to protect himself/herself personally, enjoy qualified legal aid from a lawyer as well as have an attorney.

SECTION II
HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Chapter II
Human rights and freedoms

Article 26

1. Everyone shall be presumed innocent of committing a crime until found guilty in accordance with the law and his/her guilt was ascertained by a court verdict having entered into force. The violation of this principle shall serve a basis for the compensation of material and moral damage through a court.

2. No one should prove his/her innocence. Any doubts in respect of culpability shall be interpreted for the benefit of the accused.

3. No one shall be convicted of a crime solely on the basis of his/her own confession in having committed an offense.

4. The burden of proof of guilt in criminal case shall be on the accuser. Evidence obtained in violation of the law shall not be used for the justification of the accusation and delivery of court verdict.

5. No one shall be obliged to testify against themselves, his/her spouse or close relatives as determined by law. The law may provide for other cases in which they are relieved from the obligation to testify.

6. Everyone shall have the right to have their case examined by a court with the participation of jurors in cases stipulated by law.

Kyrgyzstan - Criminal Code 1997 (2008) EN

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. CRIMINAL LAW

Chapter 1. OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC CRIMINAL CODE

Article 3. Principles of the Kyrgyz Republic Criminal Law

(2) No person shall be returned guilty of committing a crime until the guilt is recognized by an effective court verdict.

Kyrgyzstan - Criminal Procedure Code 1999 (2008) EN

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 6. Legality During Criminal Proceedings

(2) No one can be put on trial as suspect or accused, arrested, imprisoned, committed, searched, brought to court, or imposed to any other measures of procedural compulsion, or be condemned, punished or in any way limited in his rights other than in the way and order provided by law.

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 10. Respect to the Rights, Freedoms and Dignities of a Person

(2) Threats, violence and other illegal actions shall be prohibited in the cause of interrogation and other investigational and court proceedings.

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 11. Inviolability of the Person

(1) No one shall be taken into custody otherwise there is a cause provided herein.

(2) A court, prosecutor, investigator shall immediately release a person illegally detained or arrested, illegally put in a medical institution, or a person who was under arrest for a period exceeding the limitation provided for by law or by the court decision.

(3) No participant of criminal proceedings shall suffer violence or shall be treated in a cruel or humiliating way.

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 12. Protection of Rights and Freedoms of Individuals in the Course of Criminal Proceedings

(2) No one shall be obliged to testify against oneself, the spouse and close relatives as defined herein.

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 12. Protection of Rights and Freedoms of Individuals in the Course of Criminal Proceedings

(5) No one shall be convicted only on the basis of his own confession in crime commitment.

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 15. Presumption of Innocence

(1) A person shall be considered innocent until his guilt is proved as provided herein and is sustained by the guilty verdict of the court which took effect.

(2) The defendant shall not carry the burden of proving his innocence.

(3) Any doubt cast on the evidence of the prosecution which may not be resolved within the rules of criminal procedure provided herein shall be to the benefit of the defendant. Any doubt aroused in the course of application of criminal and criminal procedure law shall be to the benefit of the defendant.

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 18. Adversarial Trial

(1) Criminal proceedings shall be based on principles of adversarial trial and equality of the parties.

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 18. Adversarial Trial

(3) The prosecutor shall proof the charge brought against the defendant.

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 18. Adversarial Trial

(4) The advocate shall use all means and methods provided by the law to defend the accused.

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 18. Adversarial Trial

(7) The parties involved in the criminal proceeding are equal in their rights. The court shall base the procedural decision only on the evidences (proofs), that were equally accessible for studies (examination) for both parties.

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 20. Guaranteeing the Suspect, Accused or Defendant the Right to Defense

(1) The suspect, the accused or defendant have the right to defense. Agency of preliminary investigation, investigator, prosecutor, and the court shall provide for the right of the suspect, the accused and defendant to defend himself by means provided for by law, as well as for protection of his personal and property rights.

(2) The right to defense shall be also guaranteed to the defendant if the case involves compulsory medical treatment.

GENERAL PART

SECTION I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 2. PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Article 23. Language of Court Proceedings

(1) Court proceedings shall be administered in the national language or in the Russian language.

(2) Persons participating in the proceedings who do not speak the language the hearing is administered in, shall be secured the right to make statements, to testify, to put forward motions, to study the dossier of the case, to speak in court in their native languages and use services of an interpreter.

(3) A copy of the document of accusation and of the verdict (ruling, resolution) shall be handed to the accused or the convicted person with translation into his native language or any other language he speaks.

PART II. COURT, PARTIES AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

CHAPTER 6. PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS DEFENDING THEIR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OF PERSONS THEY REPRESENT

Article 39. Suspect

(2) Criminal prosecution shall not detain a person as a suspect for more than 48 hours. By the time limit for his detention, the agency for criminal prosecution shall either release the suspect or make the resolution on the institution of criminal proceedings against him [charge him with a crime] and decide on the sanction.

PART II. COURT, PARTIES AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

CHAPTER 6. PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS DEFENDING THEIR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OF PERSONS THEY REPRESENT

Article 42. Rights and Responsibilities of the Accused, defendant, convicted (acquitted)

(1) The accused has the right to :

1) get copies of resolution on his charge, on appointment of an expert ;
2) make statements on the crime he is charged with or refuse to make statements ;
3) introduce evidence ;
4) make motions and challenges ;
5) testify and speak his native language or the language he knows ;
6) use services of a translator and also of an attorney, including during judicial review of an investigator’s motion that detention is deemed necessary as a pre-trial restraint measure ;
7) participate in investigational proceedings if requested by him or by his defense attorney ;
8) study reports of the expert ;
9) communicate with his counsel confidentially and without limitation of time and number of meetings ;
10) study the dossier of the case after the investigation and write out the information concerning the charge brought against him ;
11) make petitions against actions of the preliminary investigator, actions and decisions of investigator, prosecutor.

PART II. COURT, PARTIES AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

CHAPTER 6. PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS DEFENDING THEIR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OF PERSONS THEY REPRESENT

Article 44. Defense Attorney

(3) Defense attorney shall start his participation in the case from the moment of the first interrogation of suspect (accused), witness or actual detention of the suspect (accused).

PART II. COURT, PARTIES AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

CHAPTER 6. PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS DEFENDING THEIR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OF PERSONS THEY REPRESENT

Article 45. Invitation, Assignment, Substitution of the Defense Attorney, His Payment

(1) A defense attorney shall be invited by the suspect, accused, defendant, witness, their legal representatives, or by other persons if so requested by or at the consent of the suspect, accused, defendant, witness.

PART II. COURT, PARTIES AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

CHAPTER 6. PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS DEFENDING THEIR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OF PERSONS THEY REPRESENT

Article 45. Invitation, Assignment, Substitution of the Defense Attorney, His Payment

(5) When a defense attorney participated in the investigation or trial upon assignment, his services shall be paid by the state. In this event the convict may be maid pay back these expenses to the state.

PART II. COURT, PARTIES AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

CHAPTER 6. PARTICIPANTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS DEFENDING THEIR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS OF PERSONS THEY REPRESENT

Article 47. Waiver of the Right to Counsel

(1) The suspect, accused, defendant has the right to waive the counsel. Such waiver shall be allowed only upon the initiative of the suspect, accused, defendant himself and shall not preclude participation of a prosecutor, as well as defense attorneys of other suspects, accused, defendants.

(2) When waivering a counsel, the suspect, accused, defendant shall defend himself.

(3) Waiver of the counsel by the suspect, accused, defendant in cases provided in points 2 – 5 of Article 46 of this Code shall not be binding for the investigator, the court.

(4) Waiver of the counsel shall be registered by a resolution of the investigator, judge, or by a ruling of a court.

SPECIAL PART

PART VII. INSTITUTION OF THE CRIMINAL CASE (PROSECUTION)

SECTION VIII. PROCEEDINGS IN ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

CHAPTER 32. PREPARATION TO TRIAL

Article 250. Providing an Access to The case file

After setting the date of a court trial, the judge must provide both parties with the right to access to the entire case file, and the right to make copies and write out all necessary data.

SPECIAL PART

PART VII. INSTITUTION OF THE CRIMINAL CASE (PROSECUTION)

SECTION VIII. PROCEEDINGS IN ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

CHAPTER 33. GENERAL TERMS OF TRIAL

Article 256. Equal Rights of Parties in Trial

The prosecutor, defendant, defense counsel, and the victim, civil plaintiff, civil defendant, and their representatives shall enjoy equal rights to petition removals, and submit motions, to provide evidence and to participate in their examination, to speak in judicial pleadings, and to participate in consideration of all issues arising in the course of the trial.

SPECIAL PART

PART VII. INSTITUTION OF THE CRIMINAL CASE (PROSECUTION)

SECTION VIII. PROCEEDINGS IN ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

CHAPTER 33. GENERAL TERMS OF TRIAL

Article 259. Participation of the Defendant on Trial

(1) Hearing of a criminal case by a trial court shall take place with the participation of the defendant, whose attendance shall be mandatory.

SPECIAL PART

PART VII. INSTITUTION OF THE CRIMINAL CASE (PROSECUTION)

SECTION VIII. PROCEEDINGS IN ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

CHAPTER 35. COURT TRIAL

Article 286. Commencement of Court Trial

(1) The court trial shall commence with statement of the substance of the charge brought against the defendant, and in instances of personal charge—with statement of the petition by a person who filed this petition with the court, or his/her representative.

Estatuto de Roma

Artículo 55 Derechos de las personas durante la investigación

1. En las investigaciones realizadas de conformidad con el presente Estatuto:

(a) Nadie será obligado a declarar contra sí mismo ni a declararse culpable;

(b) Nadie será sometido a forma alguna de coacción, intimidación o amenaza, a torturas ni a otros tratos o castigos crueles, inhumanos o degradantes;

(c) Quien haya de ser interrogado en un idioma que no sea el que comprende y habla perfectamente contará, sin cargo alguno, con los servicios de un intérprete competente y las traducciones que sean necesarias a los efectos de cumplir el requisito de equidad; y

(d) Nadie será sometido a arresto o detención arbitrarios ni será privado de su libertad salvo por los motivos previstos en el presente Estatuto y de conformidad con los procedimientos establecidos en él.

2. Cuando haya motivos para creer que una persona ha cometido un crimen de la competencia de la Corte y esa persona haya de ser interrogada por el Fiscal o por las autoridades nacionales, en cumplimiento de una solicitud hecha de conformidad con lo dispuesto en la Parte IX, tendrá además los derechos siguientes, de los que será informada antes del interrogatorio:

(a) A ser informada de que existen motivos para creer que ha cometido un crimen de la competencia de la Corte;

(b) A guardar silencio, sin que ello pueda tenerse en cuenta a los efectos de determinar su culpabilidad o inocencia;

(c) A ser asistida por un abogado defensor de su elección o, si no lo tuviere, a que se le asigne un defensor de oficio, siempre que fuere necesario en interés de la justicia y, en cualquier caso, sin cargo si careciere de medios suficientes; y

(d) A ser interrogada en presencia de su abogado, a menos que haya renunciado voluntariamente a su derecho a asistencia letrada.

Artículo 63 Presencia del acusado en el juicio

1. El acusado estará presente durante el juicio.

2. Si el acusado, estando presente en la Corte, perturbare continuamente el juicio, la Sala de Primera Instancia podrá disponer que salga de ella y observe el proceso y dé instrucciones a su defensor desde fuera, utilizando, en caso necesario, tecnologías de comunicación. Esas medidas se adoptarán únicamente en circunstancias excepcionales, después de que se haya demostrado que no hay otras posibilidades razonables y adecuadas, y únicamente durante el tiempo que sea estrictamente necesario.

Artículo 66 Presunción de inocencia

1. Se presumirá que toda persona es inocente mientras no se pruebe su culpabilidad ante la Corte de conformidad con el derecho aplicable.

2. Incumbirá al Fiscal probar la culpabilidad del acusado.

3. Para dictar sentencia condenatoria, la Corte deberá estar convencida de la culpabilidad del acusado más allá de toda duda razonable.

Artículo 67 Derechos del acusado

1. En la determinación de cualquier cargo, el acusado tendrá derecho a ser oído públicamente, habida cuenta de las disposiciones del presente Estatuto, y a una audiencia justa e imparcial, así como a las siguientes garantías mínimas en pie de plena igualdad:

(a) A ser informado sin demora y en forma detallada, en un idioma que comprenda y hable perfectamente, de la naturaleza, la causa y el contenido de los cargos que se le imputan;

(b) A disponer del tiempo y de los medios adecuados para la preparación de su defensa y a comunicarse libre y confidencialmente con un defensor de su elección;

(d) Con sujeción a lo dispuesto en el párrafo 2 del artículo 63, el acusado tendrá derecho a hallarse presente en el proceso y a defenderse personalmente o ser asistido por un defensor de su elección; a ser informado, si no tuviera defensor, del derecho que le asiste a tenerlo y, siempre que el interés de la justicia lo exija, a que se le nombre defensor de oficio, gratuitamente si careciere de medios suficientes para pagarlo;

(e) A interrogar o hacer interrogar a los testigos de cargo y a obtener la comparecencia de los testigos de descargo y que éstos sean interrogados en las mismas condiciones que los testigos de cargo. El acusado tendrá derecho también a oponer excepciones y a presentar cualquier otra prueba admisible de conformidad con el presente Estatuto;

(f) A ser asistido gratuitamente por un intérprete competente y a obtener las traducciones necesarias para satisfacer los requisitos de equidad, si en las actuaciones ante la Corte o en los documentos presentados a la Corte se emplea un idioma que no comprende y no habla;

(g) A no ser obligado a declarar contra sí mismo ni a declararse culpable y a guardar silencio, sin que ello pueda tenerse en cuenta a los efectos de determinar su culpabilidad o inocencia;

(h) A declarar de palabra o por escrito en su defensa sin prestar juramento; y

(i) A que no se invierta la carga de la prueba ni le sea impuesta la carga de presentar contrapruebas.

2. Además de cualquier otra divulgación de información estipulada en el presente Estatuto, el Fiscal divulgará a la defensa, tan pronto como sea posible, las pruebas que obren en su poder o estén bajo su control y que, a su juicio, indiquen o tiendan a indicar la inocencia del acusado, o a atenuar su culpabilidad, o que puedan afectar a la credibilidad de las pruebas de cargo. En caso de duda acerca de la aplicación de este párrafo, la Corte decidirá.