VII
Article 67
[No one may be deprived of his liberty except as authorized by law.
Anyone who has been deprived of liberty has the right to be informed immediately of the reasons for this.
Anyone arrested on suspicion of criminal conduct shall be brought before a judge without delay. If he is not released immediately, the judge shall, before the end of the day, decide with a reasoned ruling whether he shall be remanded in custody. Detention may only be applied for a charge that carries a heavier penalty than a fine or detention. The right of the person remanded in custody to appeal a ruling to a higher court shall be guaranteed by law. A person shall never be remanded in custody for longer than necessary, but if a judge deems it possible to release him on bail, the court shall decide who it should be.
Anyone who is deprived of his liberty for other reasons has the right to a court to rule on its legitimacy as soon as possible. If deprivation of liberty proves to be illegal, he shall be released immediately.
If a person has been unjustly deprived of his liberty, he shall be entitled to compensation.]
VII
Article 70
Everyone has the right to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. A court hearing shall be held in public, unless the judge decides otherwise by law in order to protect decency, public order, state security or the interests of the parties.
Anyone charged with a criminal offense shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
Part 1. General rules on criminal procedure
Section II. Court sessions, court records, etc.
Article 10
Sessions of the court shall be open. The judge may nevertheless decide, on his or her own initiative or at the demand of the prosecutor, the accused or the injured party, that a session is to be held in camera, in part or in its entirety, if it is held outside the regular court premises, or if the accused is under the age of 18 or if the judge considers this is necessary for other reasons:
a. to protect the accused, the injured party, relatives of these persons, witnesses or other persons on whom the case touches;
b. in view of the need of the accused, the injured party, a witness or another person on whom the case touches to keep secret matters involving business interests or similar circumstances;
c. in view of the public interest or the security of the state;
d. for reasons of propriety;
e. to maintain peace for the court to do its work,
f. while the investigation of a case is in progress and there is considered to be a danger of damage to the procedure if the court were to be held in open session;
g. while a witness is questioned without having to state his or her name where this would be heard by those present (cf. the eighth paragraph of Article 122).
Part 1. General rules on criminal procedure.
Section II. Court sessions, court records, etc.
Article 12
The language of the court shall be Icelandic.
If a person is questioned in court who does not have sufficient command of Icelandic, the prosecution shall have an authorised court interpreter called in. If no authorised court interpreter is available, then the judge shall consent to having another person act as interpreter; that person shall then sign a pledge in the court records stating that he or she will perform the task to the best of his or her ability, and shall be obliged to confirm the accuracy of his or her interpretation or translation before the court if it is called in question.
Documents in foreign languages shall normally be accompanied by Icelandic translations to the extent that they serve as the basis for action in the case unless the judge considers himself or herself able to translate them. Translations shall normally be made by an authorised translator. If no authorised translator is available, a translation by another competent person may be submitted; that person shall be obliged to confirm the accuracy of his or her translation before the court if it is called in question.
[Where persons who are questioned in court rely on sign language as a means of communication, the prosecution shall have a sign-language
Part 2. Investigations.
Section VIII. Questioning as part of the investigation.
Article 61
If the accused has not been arrested, the police shall summons him or her to attend a questioning session, and he or she shall be obliged to comply with that summons. If a statement is to be taken from an accused person under the age of 18 in connection with an alleged violation of the General Penal Code or other acts of law which may entail punishment heavier than two years’ imprisonment, the child protection committee shall be informed of this and may send a representative to be present at the questioning.
If the police consider there is a need to question witnesses, including the injured party, more extensively than is provided for in Article 60, they shall summons the witness to attend a questioning session. The witness may choose not to comply with this summons.
If the defence counsel and the legal rights protector are entitled to be present at a questioning session under this Article, they shall also be invited to attend it.
Part 2. Investigations.
Section XV. Procedure in investigations before a court.
Article 102
In accordance with the provisions of this section, a demand may be submitted to a district court for a measure to be taken during the investigation phase for which the agency of a judge is required under other provisions of this Act, including a demand to have the accused, the injured party or other witnesses questioned before a court under Article 59.
In addition to what is stated in the first paragraph, disputes concerning the lawfulness of investigative measures taken by the police or the prosecutor may be referred to a district court. Also, disputes as to the rights of the accused, and of his or her defence counsel or lawyer, may be referred to a district court, including requests by them to employ specific investigative measures, and also concerning the rights of the injured party and his or her legal rights protector or lawyer.
Part 3. Proof and evidence.
Section XVIII. Witnesses.
Article 120
The prosecutor shall see to summonsing witnesses to a session of the court. Nevertheless, the defence counsel may summons a witness to attend a session of court if he or she chooses to do so . Witnesses under the age of 18 shall be summonsed through their legal guardians.
If there is reason to do so, the judge shall summons witnesses to attend court by means of a written summons issued at his or her initiative or at the request of either of the parties. The summons shall state the witness’s name and address, the reason, in its essentials, why the witness is being summonsed, the name of the court, where and when questioning is to take place and what consequences it may have if the witness fails to attend or to discharge his or her duty in other respects. The prosecutor shall see to it that the summons is served; this shall be done in the same way as the serving of an indictment under Article 156.
If a witness is present at a session of the court, he or she shall be obliged to give testimony even though he or she was not summonsed for that purpose.
''Article 5 Defendant's defense counsel''
A person suspected of or accused of conduct falling within the jurisdiction of the court shall
be entitled to the assistance of a defense counsel of his choice for the handling of the case in
this country. He shall be notified of this right. Defendant's fee is paid from the state treasury and shall be determined in accordance with the Act on [Criminal Procedure].
''Article 6 Lawyer for victims of crime''
A victim in a case falling within the jurisdiction of the court may request the appointment
of a legal guardian if there is reason to believe that he has suffered significant bodily or
health damage as a result of the accused's conduct and it is considered necessary that he be
assisted by a legal guardian.
Provisions [V. Chapter of the Code of Criminal Procedure] 1) shall apply as appropriate.
1. En las investigaciones realizadas de conformidad con el presente Estatuto:
(a) Nadie será obligado a declarar contra sí mismo ni a declararse culpable;
(b) Nadie será sometido a forma alguna de coacción, intimidación o amenaza, a torturas ni a otros tratos o castigos crueles, inhumanos o degradantes;
(c) Quien haya de ser interrogado en un idioma que no sea el que comprende y habla perfectamente contará, sin cargo alguno, con los servicios de un intérprete competente y las traducciones que sean necesarias a los efectos de cumplir el requisito de equidad; y
(d) Nadie será sometido a arresto o detención arbitrarios ni será privado de su libertad salvo por los motivos previstos en el presente Estatuto y de conformidad con los procedimientos establecidos en él.
2. Cuando haya motivos para creer que una persona ha cometido un crimen de la competencia de la Corte y esa persona haya de ser interrogada por el Fiscal o por las autoridades nacionales, en cumplimiento de una solicitud hecha de conformidad con lo dispuesto en la Parte IX, tendrá además los derechos siguientes, de los que será informada antes del interrogatorio:
(a) A ser informada de que existen motivos para creer que ha cometido un crimen de la competencia de la Corte;
(b) A guardar silencio, sin que ello pueda tenerse en cuenta a los efectos de determinar su culpabilidad o inocencia;
(c) A ser asistida por un abogado defensor de su elección o, si no lo tuviere, a que se le asigne un defensor de oficio, siempre que fuere necesario en interés de la justicia y, en cualquier caso, sin cargo si careciere de medios suficientes; y
(d) A ser interrogada en presencia de su abogado, a menos que haya renunciado voluntariamente a su derecho a asistencia letrada.
1. El acusado estará presente durante el juicio.
2. Si el acusado, estando presente en la Corte, perturbare continuamente el juicio, la Sala de Primera Instancia podrá disponer que salga de ella y observe el proceso y dé instrucciones a su defensor desde fuera, utilizando, en caso necesario, tecnologías de comunicación. Esas medidas se adoptarán únicamente en circunstancias excepcionales, después de que se haya demostrado que no hay otras posibilidades razonables y adecuadas, y únicamente durante el tiempo que sea estrictamente necesario.
1. Se presumirá que toda persona es inocente mientras no se pruebe su culpabilidad ante la Corte de conformidad con el derecho aplicable.
2. Incumbirá al Fiscal probar la culpabilidad del acusado.
3. Para dictar sentencia condenatoria, la Corte deberá estar convencida de la culpabilidad del acusado más allá de toda duda razonable.
1. En la determinación de cualquier cargo, el acusado tendrá derecho a ser oído públicamente, habida cuenta de las disposiciones del presente Estatuto, y a una audiencia justa e imparcial, así como a las siguientes garantías mínimas en pie de plena igualdad:
(a) A ser informado sin demora y en forma detallada, en un idioma que comprenda y hable perfectamente, de la naturaleza, la causa y el contenido de los cargos que se le imputan;
(b) A disponer del tiempo y de los medios adecuados para la preparación de su defensa y a comunicarse libre y confidencialmente con un defensor de su elección;
(c) A ser juzgado sin dilaciones indebidas;
(d) Con sujeción a lo dispuesto en el párrafo 2 del artículo 63, el acusado tendrá derecho a hallarse presente en el proceso y a defenderse personalmente o ser asistido por un defensor de su elección; a ser informado, si no tuviera defensor, del derecho que le asiste a tenerlo y, siempre que el interés de la justicia lo exija, a que se le nombre defensor de oficio, gratuitamente si careciere de medios suficientes para pagarlo;
(e) A interrogar o hacer interrogar a los testigos de cargo y a obtener la comparecencia de los testigos de descargo y que éstos sean interrogados en las mismas condiciones que los testigos de cargo. El acusado tendrá derecho también a oponer excepciones y a presentar cualquier otra prueba admisible de conformidad con el presente Estatuto;
(f) A ser asistido gratuitamente por un intérprete competente y a obtener las traducciones necesarias para satisfacer los requisitos de equidad, si en las actuaciones ante la Corte o en los documentos presentados a la Corte se emplea un idioma que no comprende y no habla;
(g) A no ser obligado a declarar contra sí mismo ni a declararse culpable y a guardar silencio, sin que ello pueda tenerse en cuenta a los efectos de determinar su culpabilidad o inocencia;
(h) A declarar de palabra o por escrito en su defensa sin prestar juramento; y
(i) A que no se invierta la carga de la prueba ni le sea impuesta la carga de presentar contrapruebas.
2. Además de cualquier otra divulgación de información estipulada en el presente Estatuto, el Fiscal divulgará a la defensa, tan pronto como sea posible, las pruebas que obren en su poder o estén bajo su control y que, a su juicio, indiquen o tiendan a indicar la inocencia del acusado, o a atenuar su culpabilidad, o que puedan afectar a la credibilidad de las pruebas de cargo. En caso de duda acerca de la aplicación de este párrafo, la Corte decidirá.