Title II: On fundamental rights, guarantees and duties
Chapter I: Fundamental rights
Section I: Civil and political rights
Article 40: Right to liberty and personal security
All people have a right to liberty and personal security. Accordingly:
1. No one may be sent to prison or denied his liberty without an order caused and written by the appropriate judge, except in cases of flagrante delicto;
Title II: On fundamental rights, guarantees and duties
Chapter I: Fundamental rights
Section I: Civil and political rights
Article 40: Right to liberty and personal security
All people have a right to liberty and personal security. Accordingly:
4. All detained people have the right to communicate immediately with their families, lawyer, or trusted people, who have the right to be informed of the location of the detained person and of the reasons for the detention;
Title II: On fundamental rights, guarantees and duties
Chapter I: Fundamental rights
Section I: Civil and political rights
Article 42: Right to personal integrity
All people have the right to have their physical, psychic, moral integrity and the right to live without violence respected. They shall have the protection of the state in cases of threat, risk, or violation of the same. Consequently:
1. No one may be submitted to punishments, tortures, or degrading proceedings that imply the loss or decrease of his health or of his physical or psychic integrity;
Title II: On fundamental rights, guarantees and duties
Chapter II: On the Guarantees to Fundamental Rights
Article 69: Effective judicial guardianship and due process
All persons, in the exercise of their rights and legitimate interests, have the right to obtain effective judicial guardianship, with respect to the due process that shall be formed by the minimum guarantees that are established in the following:
1. The right to accessible, timely, and free justice.
2. The right to be heard, within a reasonable period and by a competent, independent, and impartial jurisdiction, established previously by law.
3. The right to be presumed innocent and treated accordingly, while not having been declared guilt by an irrevocable sentence.
4. The right to a public, oral, and adversarial trial, in all equality and with respect to the right of defense.
5. No person may be judged twice for the same charge.
6. No one may be obligated to self-incriminate.
7. No one may be judged in any way but in accordance to the laws that preexisted the act for which they are charged, before a judge or competent tribunal, and with observance of the full scope of the customs that pertain to each case.
8. Proof that is obtained through violation of the law is null.
9. All sentences may be appealed in accordance with the law. The superior court may not increase the sanction imposed when the only person to make an appeal is the convicted person.
10. The norms of due process shall be applied to all kinds of judicial and administrative conduct.
Article 40: Right to liberty and personal security
All people have a right to liberty and personal security. Accordingly:
• Protection from unjustified restraint 1. No one may be sent to prison or denied his liberty without an order caused and written by the appropriate judge, except in cases of flagrante delicto;
2. Every authority that exercises measures to deprive liberty is obligated to identify himself.
3. All people, at the moment of their detention, shall be informed of their rights;
• Right to counsel 4. All detained people have the right to communicate immediately with their families, lawyer, or trusted people, who have the right to be informed of the location of the detained person and of the reasons for the detention;
• Protection from unjustified restraint 5. All people deprived of their liberty shall be submitted to the appropriate judicial authority within forty-eight hours of their detention or freed. The appropriate judicial authority shall notify the interested person, within the same time period, of the decision dictated to that effect.
6. All people deprived of their liberty without cause or without the legal formalities or outside of cases provided for by law, shall be immediately freed at his request or at that of any other person.
7. All people may be freed once the imposed penalty has been completed or an order for freedom has been given by the appropriate authority;
8. No one may be submitted to methods of coercion unless by his own making ;
9. The methods of coercion, restrictive of personal liberty, are of special character and their application should be proportional to the danger that they attempt to guard against;
• Rights of debtors 10. Physical constraint may not be established for debts that do not come from an infraction against the penal laws;
11. Every person that has a detained person under their guard is obligated to present him as soon as is required by the appropriate authority;
12. The transfer of any detained person from a prison to another location without an order written and caused by the appropriate authority is strictly prohibited;
14. No one is criminally responsible for that done by another;
• Principle of no punishment without law 15. No one can be obligated to do that which the law does not order nor kept from doing that which the law does not prohibit. The law is equal for all: it may only order that which is just and useful for the community and it may not prohibit more than what is harmful.
16. Punishments that deprive freedom and the means of security shall be oriented towards reeducation and social reinsertion of the condemned person and may not consist of forced work;
17. In the exercise of the sanctioning power established by law, the Public Administration may not impose sanctions that implicate the deprivation of liberty in a direct or subsidiary form.
Article 69: Effective judicial guardianship and due process
All persons, in the exercise of their rights and legitimate interests, have the right to obtain effective judicial guardianship, with respect to the due process that shall be formed by the minimum guarantees that are established in the following:
• Right to speedy trial 1. The right to accessible, timely, and free justice.
• Judicial independence
• Right to speedy trial 2. The right to be heard, within a reasonable period and by a competent, independent, and impartial jurisdiction, established previously by law.
• Presumption of innocence in trials 3. The right to be presumed innocent and treated accordingly, while not having been declared guilt by an irrevocable sentence.
• Right to counsel
• Right to public trial 4. The right to a public, oral, and adversarial trial, in all equality and with respect to the right of defense.
• Prohibition of double jeopardy 5. No person may be judged twice for the same charge.
• Protection from self-incrimination 6. No one may be obligated to self-incriminate.
• Protection from ex post facto laws
• Principle of no punishment without law 7. No one may be judged in any way but in accordance to the laws that preexisted the act for which they are charged, before a judge or competent tribunal, and with observance of the full scope of the customs that pertain to each case.
• Regulation of evidence collection 8. Proof that is obtained through violation of the law is null.
• Right to appeal judicial decisions
9. All sentences may be appealed in accordance with the law. The superior court may not increase the sanction imposed when the only person to make an appeal is the convicted person.
10. The norms of due process shall be applied to all kinds of judicial and administrative conduct.
Artículo 71.- Adopción de medidas. Finalizada la audiencia, el Ministerio Público podrá disponer que la persona continúe bajo detención preventiva o adoptar otras medidas sustitutivas, de todo lo cual serán notificados la Corte Penal Internacional, el Estado en cuyo territorio se sospecha que la persona ha cometido los crímenes o delitos y el Estado de su nacionalidad y, si fuese apátrida, el Estado en que habitualmente resida.
Párrafo.- La persona detenida tendrá facilidades para comunicarse inmediatamente con el representante del Estado de su nacionalidad que se encuentre más próximo o, si se trata de un apátrida, con el representante del Estado en que habitualmente resida.
1. En las investigaciones realizadas de conformidad con el presente Estatuto:
(a) Nadie será obligado a declarar contra sí mismo ni a declararse culpable;
(b) Nadie será sometido a forma alguna de coacción, intimidación o amenaza, a torturas ni a otros tratos o castigos crueles, inhumanos o degradantes;
(c) Quien haya de ser interrogado en un idioma que no sea el que comprende y habla perfectamente contará, sin cargo alguno, con los servicios de un intérprete competente y las traducciones que sean necesarias a los efectos de cumplir el requisito de equidad; y
(d) Nadie será sometido a arresto o detención arbitrarios ni será privado de su libertad salvo por los motivos previstos en el presente Estatuto y de conformidad con los procedimientos establecidos en él.
2. Cuando haya motivos para creer que una persona ha cometido un crimen de la competencia de la Corte y esa persona haya de ser interrogada por el Fiscal o por las autoridades nacionales, en cumplimiento de una solicitud hecha de conformidad con lo dispuesto en la Parte IX, tendrá además los derechos siguientes, de los que será informada antes del interrogatorio:
(a) A ser informada de que existen motivos para creer que ha cometido un crimen de la competencia de la Corte;
(b) A guardar silencio, sin que ello pueda tenerse en cuenta a los efectos de determinar su culpabilidad o inocencia;
(c) A ser asistida por un abogado defensor de su elección o, si no lo tuviere, a que se le asigne un defensor de oficio, siempre que fuere necesario en interés de la justicia y, en cualquier caso, sin cargo si careciere de medios suficientes; y
(d) A ser interrogada en presencia de su abogado, a menos que haya renunciado voluntariamente a su derecho a asistencia letrada.
1. El acusado estará presente durante el juicio.
2. Si el acusado, estando presente en la Corte, perturbare continuamente el juicio, la Sala de Primera Instancia podrá disponer que salga de ella y observe el proceso y dé instrucciones a su defensor desde fuera, utilizando, en caso necesario, tecnologías de comunicación. Esas medidas se adoptarán únicamente en circunstancias excepcionales, después de que se haya demostrado que no hay otras posibilidades razonables y adecuadas, y únicamente durante el tiempo que sea estrictamente necesario.
1. Se presumirá que toda persona es inocente mientras no se pruebe su culpabilidad ante la Corte de conformidad con el derecho aplicable.
2. Incumbirá al Fiscal probar la culpabilidad del acusado.
3. Para dictar sentencia condenatoria, la Corte deberá estar convencida de la culpabilidad del acusado más allá de toda duda razonable.
1. En la determinación de cualquier cargo, el acusado tendrá derecho a ser oído públicamente, habida cuenta de las disposiciones del presente Estatuto, y a una audiencia justa e imparcial, así como a las siguientes garantías mínimas en pie de plena igualdad:
(a) A ser informado sin demora y en forma detallada, en un idioma que comprenda y hable perfectamente, de la naturaleza, la causa y el contenido de los cargos que se le imputan;
(b) A disponer del tiempo y de los medios adecuados para la preparación de su defensa y a comunicarse libre y confidencialmente con un defensor de su elección;
(c) A ser juzgado sin dilaciones indebidas;
(d) Con sujeción a lo dispuesto en el párrafo 2 del artículo 63, el acusado tendrá derecho a hallarse presente en el proceso y a defenderse personalmente o ser asistido por un defensor de su elección; a ser informado, si no tuviera defensor, del derecho que le asiste a tenerlo y, siempre que el interés de la justicia lo exija, a que se le nombre defensor de oficio, gratuitamente si careciere de medios suficientes para pagarlo;
(e) A interrogar o hacer interrogar a los testigos de cargo y a obtener la comparecencia de los testigos de descargo y que éstos sean interrogados en las mismas condiciones que los testigos de cargo. El acusado tendrá derecho también a oponer excepciones y a presentar cualquier otra prueba admisible de conformidad con el presente Estatuto;
(f) A ser asistido gratuitamente por un intérprete competente y a obtener las traducciones necesarias para satisfacer los requisitos de equidad, si en las actuaciones ante la Corte o en los documentos presentados a la Corte se emplea un idioma que no comprende y no habla;
(g) A no ser obligado a declarar contra sí mismo ni a declararse culpable y a guardar silencio, sin que ello pueda tenerse en cuenta a los efectos de determinar su culpabilidad o inocencia;
(h) A declarar de palabra o por escrito en su defensa sin prestar juramento; y
(i) A que no se invierta la carga de la prueba ni le sea impuesta la carga de presentar contrapruebas.
2. Además de cualquier otra divulgación de información estipulada en el presente Estatuto, el Fiscal divulgará a la defensa, tan pronto como sea posible, las pruebas que obren en su poder o estén bajo su control y que, a su juicio, indiquen o tiendan a indicar la inocencia del acusado, o a atenuar su culpabilidad, o que puedan afectar a la credibilidad de las pruebas de cargo. En caso de duda acerca de la aplicación de este párrafo, la Corte decidirá.