Part I General Provisions
Chapter IV Counsel and Assistants
Article 30
(1) The accused or the suspect may appoint defense counsel at any time.
(2) The legal representative, curator, spouse, lineal relative, sibling of the accused or suspect may independently appoint defense counsel.
Part I General Provisions
Chapter XI Examination of Witnesses
Article 147
Any person may refuse to give testimony when there is a concern that such testimony may result in criminal prosecution or conviction against:
(i) said person's spouse, blood relatives within the third degree of kinship or relatives by affinity within the second degree of kinship or a person who formerly had such relationship with said person;
(ii) said person's guardian, the supervisor of said person's guardian or said person's curator;
(iii) a person for whom said person is a guardian, supervisor of a guardian or a curator.
Part II First Instance
Chapter I Inquiry and Investigation
Article 203
(1) When a judicial police officer has arrested a suspect through an arrest warrant or as received a suspect who was arrested through an arrest warrant, said officer must immediately inform the suspect of the outline of the suspected crime and the fact that the suspect may appoint a defense counsel and then, giving the suspect an opportunity for explanation, said officer must immediately release the suspect when believing that it is not necessary to detain the suspect, or must carry out the procedure of referring the suspect together with the documents and articles of evidence to a public prosecutor within 48 hours of the suspect being placed under physical restraint when believing that it is necessary to detain the suspect.
Part II First Instance
Chapter I Inquiry and Investigation
Article 204
(1) When a public prosecutor has arrested a suspect through an arrest warrant or has received a suspect who was arrested upon an arrest warrant (excluding such suspect as is referred in accordance with the preceding Article), prosecutor must immediately inform the suspect of the outline of the suspected crime and the fact that the suspect may appoint defense counsel and then, giving the suspect an opportunity for explanation, said prosecutor must immediately release the suspect when believing that it is not necessary to detain the suspect, or must request a judge to detain the suspect within 48 hours of the suspect being placed under physical restraint when believing that it is necessary to detain the suspect; provided however, that if the public prosecutor has instituted prosecution during the time limitation, said prosecutor does not be required to request detention.
Part II First Instance
Chapter III Public Trials
Section 1 Trial Preparation and Trial Proceedings
Article 272
(1) (1) The court must, when prosecution has been instituted, inform the accused without delay that the accused may appoint defense counsel and that when the accused is unable to personally appoint defense counsel because of indigence or other reasons, said accused may request the court to appoint defense counsel for said accused; provided however, that this does not apply when the accused already has defense counsel.
(2) The court must, when notifying the accused that said accused may appoint defense counsel pursuant to the preceding paragraph, inform the accused that said accused must submit a report on personal financial resources, and if the accused's Financial Resources are equal to or exceed the base amount, the accused must have first requested a bar association (the bar association to which the request under Article 31-2, paragraph (1) in accordance with Article 36-3, paragraph ( 1) is to be made) to appoint defense counsel except in cases where a defense counsel is required under this Code.
Part II First Instance
Chapter III Public Trials
Section 1 Trial Preparation and Trial Proceedings
Article 281-3
The defense counsel must appropriately keep safe custody of the copies of evidence (copies and materials which accurately record all or part of the evidence), which the public prosecutor has given the opportunity to inspect or copy for the preparation of the trial, and may not entrust custody to others without reason.
Part II First Instance
Chapter III Public Trials
Section 1 Trial Preparation and Trial Proceedings
Article 285
(1) The accused must appear on the trial date when judgment is to be pronounced for cases in which penal detention is applicable. The court may permit the accused not to appear on the other trial dates when the court deems that the attendance of the accused is not important for defense of the rights of the accused.
Part II First Instance
Chapter III Public Trials
Section 1 Trial Preparation and Trial Proceedings
Article 286 A trial may not, except in the cases prescribed in the preceding three Articles, be convened when the accused does not appear on the trial date.
Article 286-2
When the court cannot be convened without the appearance of the accused, and the accused, who is under detention has been summoned for the trial date but refuses to appear without a justifiable reason, and it is extremely difficult for the officials of the penal institution to bring the accused to the court, the court may commence the proceedings of the trial without the appearance of the accused.
Part II First Instance
Chapter III Public Trials
Section 1 Trial Preparation and Trial Proceedings
Article 289
(1) (1) When a case is punishable by the death penalty, life imprisonment, life imprisonment without work, or imprisonment or imprisonment without work whose maximum term is more than three years, the trial may not be convened without the attendance of defense counsel.
Part II First Instance
Chapter III Public Trials
Section 1 Trial Preparation and Trial Proceedings
Article 309
(1) The public prosecutor, the accused or the defense counsel may raise objections regarding the examination of evidence.
Part II First Instance
Chapter III Public Trials
Section 1 Trial Preparation and Trial Proceedings
Article 311
(1) The accused may remain silent at all times or may refuse to answer particular questions.
(2) If the accused makes a statement voluntarily, the presiding judge may ask the accused any necessary questions at any time.
(3) The associate judge, the public prosecutor, the defense counsel, the codefendant or the defense counsel of said codefendant may, by notifying the presiding judge, also ask questions as prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
CHAPTER III
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE PEOPLE
Article 33.
No person shall be apprehended except upon warrant issued by a competent judicial officer which specifies the offense with which the person is charged, unless he is apprehended, the offense being committed.
CHAPTER III
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE PEOPLE
Article 34.
No person shall be arrested or detained without being at once informed of the charges against him or without the immediate privilege of counsel; nor shall he be detained without adequate cause; and upon demand of any person such cause must be immediately shown in open court in his presence and the presence of his counsel.
CHAPTER III
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE PEOPLE
Article 37.
In all criminal cases the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial tribunal.
He shall be permitted full opportunity to examine all witnesses, and he shall have the right of compulsory process for obtaining witnesses on his behalf at public expense.
At all times the accused shall have the assistance of competent counsel who shall, if the accused is unable to secure the same by his own efforts, be assigned to his use by the State.
CHAPTER III
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE PEOPLE
Article 38.
No person shall be compelled to testify against himself.
Confession made under compulsion, torture or threat, or after prolonged arrest or detention shall not be admitted in evidence.
No person shall be convicted or punished in cases where the only proof against him is his own confession.
1. En las investigaciones realizadas de conformidad con el presente Estatuto:
(a) Nadie será obligado a declarar contra sí mismo ni a declararse culpable;
(b) Nadie será sometido a forma alguna de coacción, intimidación o amenaza, a torturas ni a otros tratos o castigos crueles, inhumanos o degradantes;
(c) Quien haya de ser interrogado en un idioma que no sea el que comprende y habla perfectamente contará, sin cargo alguno, con los servicios de un intérprete competente y las traducciones que sean necesarias a los efectos de cumplir el requisito de equidad; y
(d) Nadie será sometido a arresto o detención arbitrarios ni será privado de su libertad salvo por los motivos previstos en el presente Estatuto y de conformidad con los procedimientos establecidos en él.
2. Cuando haya motivos para creer que una persona ha cometido un crimen de la competencia de la Corte y esa persona haya de ser interrogada por el Fiscal o por las autoridades nacionales, en cumplimiento de una solicitud hecha de conformidad con lo dispuesto en la Parte IX, tendrá además los derechos siguientes, de los que será informada antes del interrogatorio:
(a) A ser informada de que existen motivos para creer que ha cometido un crimen de la competencia de la Corte;
(b) A guardar silencio, sin que ello pueda tenerse en cuenta a los efectos de determinar su culpabilidad o inocencia;
(c) A ser asistida por un abogado defensor de su elección o, si no lo tuviere, a que se le asigne un defensor de oficio, siempre que fuere necesario en interés de la justicia y, en cualquier caso, sin cargo si careciere de medios suficientes; y
(d) A ser interrogada en presencia de su abogado, a menos que haya renunciado voluntariamente a su derecho a asistencia letrada.
1. El acusado estará presente durante el juicio.
2. Si el acusado, estando presente en la Corte, perturbare continuamente el juicio, la Sala de Primera Instancia podrá disponer que salga de ella y observe el proceso y dé instrucciones a su defensor desde fuera, utilizando, en caso necesario, tecnologías de comunicación. Esas medidas se adoptarán únicamente en circunstancias excepcionales, después de que se haya demostrado que no hay otras posibilidades razonables y adecuadas, y únicamente durante el tiempo que sea estrictamente necesario.
1. Se presumirá que toda persona es inocente mientras no se pruebe su culpabilidad ante la Corte de conformidad con el derecho aplicable.
2. Incumbirá al Fiscal probar la culpabilidad del acusado.
3. Para dictar sentencia condenatoria, la Corte deberá estar convencida de la culpabilidad del acusado más allá de toda duda razonable.
1. En la determinación de cualquier cargo, el acusado tendrá derecho a ser oído públicamente, habida cuenta de las disposiciones del presente Estatuto, y a una audiencia justa e imparcial, así como a las siguientes garantías mínimas en pie de plena igualdad:
(a) A ser informado sin demora y en forma detallada, en un idioma que comprenda y hable perfectamente, de la naturaleza, la causa y el contenido de los cargos que se le imputan;
(b) A disponer del tiempo y de los medios adecuados para la preparación de su defensa y a comunicarse libre y confidencialmente con un defensor de su elección;
(c) A ser juzgado sin dilaciones indebidas;
(d) Con sujeción a lo dispuesto en el párrafo 2 del artículo 63, el acusado tendrá derecho a hallarse presente en el proceso y a defenderse personalmente o ser asistido por un defensor de su elección; a ser informado, si no tuviera defensor, del derecho que le asiste a tenerlo y, siempre que el interés de la justicia lo exija, a que se le nombre defensor de oficio, gratuitamente si careciere de medios suficientes para pagarlo;
(e) A interrogar o hacer interrogar a los testigos de cargo y a obtener la comparecencia de los testigos de descargo y que éstos sean interrogados en las mismas condiciones que los testigos de cargo. El acusado tendrá derecho también a oponer excepciones y a presentar cualquier otra prueba admisible de conformidad con el presente Estatuto;
(f) A ser asistido gratuitamente por un intérprete competente y a obtener las traducciones necesarias para satisfacer los requisitos de equidad, si en las actuaciones ante la Corte o en los documentos presentados a la Corte se emplea un idioma que no comprende y no habla;
(g) A no ser obligado a declarar contra sí mismo ni a declararse culpable y a guardar silencio, sin que ello pueda tenerse en cuenta a los efectos de determinar su culpabilidad o inocencia;
(h) A declarar de palabra o por escrito en su defensa sin prestar juramento; y
(i) A que no se invierta la carga de la prueba ni le sea impuesta la carga de presentar contrapruebas.
2. Además de cualquier otra divulgación de información estipulada en el presente Estatuto, el Fiscal divulgará a la defensa, tan pronto como sea posible, las pruebas que obren en su poder o estén bajo su control y que, a su juicio, indiquen o tiendan a indicar la inocencia del acusado, o a atenuar su culpabilidad, o que puedan afectar a la credibilidad de las pruebas de cargo. En caso de duda acerca de la aplicación de este párrafo, la Corte decidirá.